. Bonner zoologische Monographien. Zoology. 7. Ka-Kathmandu 50 100 200 km 1 \ ^6 : Map of Nepal to show main massifs of the Himalayan axis, the general vertical structure of the landscape, the river system and major phytogeographical subdivisions (see ). Hatched areas in- dicate dry forest vegetation, to the E patchily distributed and restricted to the Inner Valleys. THE FORESTS OF NEPAL From the viewpoint of biology, the geographical position of the Himalayas is significant in several respects: The Himalayas separate the uplands of Central Asia from the Indian subcontinent, thereby
. Bonner zoologische Monographien. Zoology. 7. Ka-Kathmandu 50 100 200 km 1 \ ^6 : Map of Nepal to show main massifs of the Himalayan axis, the general vertical structure of the landscape, the river system and major phytogeographical subdivisions (see ). Hatched areas in- dicate dry forest vegetation, to the E patchily distributed and restricted to the Inner Valleys. THE FORESTS OF NEPAL From the viewpoint of biology, the geographical position of the Himalayas is significant in several respects: The Himalayas separate the uplands of Central Asia from the Indian subcontinent, thereby forming an effective barrier between two large areas of Asia that are quite different cli- matically: cold High Asia and tropical South and Southeast Asia. The forest flora and forest composition play an important role for bird life in the entire Hi- malayan region. In order to understand the origin and ecology of Himalayan birds, a rough look at the forest vegetation of the region is indispensable. Himalayan vegetation has been described by Schweinfurth (1957); Troll (1967) included the flora in a climatic and geo- graphical classification of the Himalayas. Stainton (1972) analyzed the various types of forest in Nepal, and Dobremez (1976) and in more detail Miehe (1991) dealt with them from the ecological standpoint. Apart from incorporaring my own experience, the follow ing account draws chiefly on the last three standard works. Number of species - The wealth of forms, including botanical species, in the central Hi- malayas is almost legendary. The variety is due to the enormous vertical distance - about 6000 m - over which plant life occurs. Within this aldtude range, quite different climatic influences operate, and thus indirectly the climates of the various geobotanical regions that border on the Himalayas also exert an effect. According to modern thinking, the Himalayan. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enha
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