. Physical and commercial geography; a study of certain controlling conditions of commerce. Fig. 8. San Pedro Harbor OCEAN, COAST LINE, AND HARBOR 31 which are carrying sand into the harbor mouths. Harbors at rivermouths are the most easily dredged and protected, and here themethod is usually to increase the effectiveness of the scouring byrivers and tides. In this manner the mouths of some small streamshave been made important harbors. The Clyde River, for instance,is a stream of no great importance and contained originally only 2 to3 feet of water. By proper dredging and building of protecti
. Physical and commercial geography; a study of certain controlling conditions of commerce. Fig. 8. San Pedro Harbor OCEAN, COAST LINE, AND HARBOR 31 which are carrying sand into the harbor mouths. Harbors at rivermouths are the most easily dredged and protected, and here themethod is usually to increase the effectiveness of the scouring byrivers and tides. In this manner the mouths of some small streamshave been made important harbors. The Clyde River, for instance,is a stream of no great importance and contained originally only 2 to3 feet of water. By proper dredging and building of protective workssufficient depth has been secured to make Glasgow a shipping centerof great importance. Value of Harbors 34. The relation of harbors to coast lines and the commercial im-portance of a good location may be illustrated by the following in-stances. On the south coast of France the natural line of access to. Fig. 9. Delta of the Rhone the interior is the Rhone (fig. 9). This river, however, depositing largequantities of sediment in a tideless sea, builds an extensive delta onwhich the water is shallow and the position of its channels spite of the expenditure of millions of dollars and the efforts of theablest engineers, the river has not been made navigable for ships oflarge size, and Port St. Loiiis, at the mouth of the Rhone, is rarelyshown on atlas maps. The port of Cette, on this coast, is located nearan inlet between two sections of a barrier beach, where a sufficientdepth of water is maintained with difficulty. Marseilles is the one naturalport on the southern coast of France, and owes its preeminence to a de-pressed coast and to a shore line so shaped as to furnish protection 32 THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT t> -0- Ughlhouscs ^-^— Brcakvatcn 1^ -« Direction of Drift
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