. The chordates. Chordata. Fig. 363. Skeleton of Sphenodon. (AT) Atlas; (AX) axis; (C) carpal bones; (CL) clavicle; (CO) coracoid; (Dl, 2, 3, 4, 5) digits; (F) fibula; (FE) femur; (HU) humerus; (HY) hyoid; (IL) ilium; (IS) ischium; (MC) metacarpals; (MT) metatarsals; (PB) pubis; (PR) pro-atlas; (Q) quadrate; (R) radius; (SC) scapula: (SP) spinal column (points to the spinous process of one of the thoracic vertebrae): (SSC) suprascapula; (T) tibia; (TA) tarsals; (U) ulna; (UP) uncinate process. (After Headley. From Parker and Haswell: "Text-Book of ; By permission of The Macmi
. The chordates. Chordata. Fig. 363. Skeleton of Sphenodon. (AT) Atlas; (AX) axis; (C) carpal bones; (CL) clavicle; (CO) coracoid; (Dl, 2, 3, 4, 5) digits; (F) fibula; (FE) femur; (HU) humerus; (HY) hyoid; (IL) ilium; (IS) ischium; (MC) metacarpals; (MT) metatarsals; (PB) pubis; (PR) pro-atlas; (Q) quadrate; (R) radius; (SC) scapula: (SP) spinal column (points to the spinous process of one of the thoracic vertebrae): (SSC) suprascapula; (T) tibia; (TA) tarsals; (U) ulna; (UP) uncinate process. (After Headley. From Parker and Haswell: "Text-Book of ; By permission of The Macmillan Company, publishers.) sacral region, including, in modern reptiles, only two vertebrae; (4) the postsacral, commonly called the "caudal," region, but inaccu- rately so because its more anterior vertebrae lie within the hinder trunk region of the body and not actually within the projecting tail. The. Fig. 364. Three anterior vertebrae of Rhamphosloma, a crocodilian (Schimke- witsch). (a) atlas; (c) capitular head of rib; (d) diapophysis; (ep) epistropheus; (o) odontoid process; (p) parapophysis; (pa) pro-atlas; (r1, r2, r3) cervical ribs; (t.) tuber- cular head of rib. The arrow is in the ver- tebrarterial canal. (Courtesy. Kingsley: " Comparative Anatomy of Vertebrates," Philadelphia, The Blakiston Company.) numbers of vertebrae in the several regions are highly variable accord- ing to the proportions of the body in different types of reptile. The total number ranges from a minimum in short-bodied, short-tailed turtles (usually 20 exclusive of the postsacrals) to nearly 400 in some snakes. In snakes, legs being absent, no sacral region is recognizable and there is no distinction between cervical and trunk regions. In the alligator there are 9 cervical, 15 trunk, 2 sacral, and about 40 caudal Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance o
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