A history of the United States . aining undoubtedly promoted the efficiency of our troopsin battle and made possible the rapidity of movement whenthe German lines were finally broken. The Russian revolution and the abdication of the Czarhad occurred in March, 1917, shortly before we entered thewar. The old government had been lukewarm ^j^^and many of the higher army officers pro-German. RussianThe new republican government was anti-German *^° ^and great things were expected of the army under Kerensky,the brilliant minister of war. He tried to arouse the enthu-siasm of the nation by another dri
A history of the United States . aining undoubtedly promoted the efficiency of our troopsin battle and made possible the rapidity of movement whenthe German lines were finally broken. The Russian revolution and the abdication of the Czarhad occurred in March, 1917, shortly before we entered thewar. The old government had been lukewarm ^j^^and many of the higher army officers pro-German. RussianThe new republican government was anti-German *^° ^and great things were expected of the army under Kerensky,the brilliant minister of war. He tried to arouse the enthu-siasm of the nation by another drive in GaUcia. It started 584 The New Nation off brilliantly, but before the end of July it had ended infailure as a result of social and economic demoralization athome. Kerensky now became prime minister, but the Ger-man capture of Riga early in September undermined hisprestige, and in November the Bolshevist revolution placedLenin and Trotsky in power. In December they signedan armistice with Germany, and on March 3, 1918, the. D PART OF 28 The Five German Offensives of 1918. treaty of Brest-Litovsk was concluded. Russia had desertedher allies, and Germany was free to concentrate all herefforts on the western front. In anticipatibn of peace with Russia the Germans hadalready shifted a large number of divisions from the easternto the western front. On March 21 the long expected blowfell. The plan of Ludendorff, who was now supposed to bethe directing genius of the German army., was to push the Creating an Army 585 British lines back in front of Cambrai, break through theSt. Qucntin sector, advance and seize Amiens, where theraihoads serving the British and French hnes Thecentered. The British would thus be forced Germanback toward the Channel and the way opened March,to Paris. Hindenburg boasted that he would ^9^^-reach Paris by April 1. The German attack on the British lines was probably themost formidable onslaught in history. A heavy mist con-cealed their movements until th
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