. The depths of the ocean : a general account of the modern science of oceanography based largely on the scientific researches of the Norwegian steamer Michael Sars in the North Atlantic. "Michael Sars" North Atlantic Deep-sea Expedition (1910); Oceanography; North Atlantic Ocean. 574 DEPTHS OF THE OCEAN -^.4 'V deep-living forms. Among surface forms only Pelagia perla was taken abundantly, and its distribution was peculiar, the species being most numerous along the line of stations crossing the Azores in a north and south direction, coinciding with the submarine ridge \\ on which th
. The depths of the ocean : a general account of the modern science of oceanography based largely on the scientific researches of the Norwegian steamer Michael Sars in the North Atlantic. "Michael Sars" North Atlantic Deep-sea Expedition (1910); Oceanography; North Atlantic Ocean. 574 DEPTHS OF THE OCEAN -^.4 'V deep-living forms. Among surface forms only Pelagia perla was taken abundantly, and its distribution was peculiar, the species being most numerous along the line of stations crossing the Azores in a north and south direction, coinciding with the submarine ridge \\ on which these islands are : 'W^.. situated (see Map III.). Siphono- The Siphonophores are i phorae. an interesting group, .. - -^ sometimes referred to the i ^^ hydromedusae, but entirely I independent. They are oceanic, and have no bottom - stage, their de- velopment being a direct one. This class of animals is exceedingly rich in species, and we can only mention some North Atlantic forms. Only three species are wholly indigenous to northern waters : Diphyes arctica (Fig. 407), peculiar to the Gulf Stream north of lat. 59° or 60'^ N., ex- tending to Spitsbergen in lat, 81° N., and Galeolaria biloba and Cupiilita cara, which are less common. In the Atlantic we find a wealth of both deep - sea and pelagic forms, some of the latter being known as visitors in the North Sea and the Norwegian Sea, a few having being found on the west coast of Norway and described by Michael Sars as long ago as the 'thirties, like Agalmopsis elegans and Physophora hydrostatica (Fig. 408); in the Sognefjord Haeckel also found Circalia stephanomvia. These forms have numerous swimming bells and long tentacles, and are interesting as immigrants from the Atlantic into the North Sea and the Norwegian Sea, Among forms peculiar to the warm surface layers we may mention the " Portuguese man-o'-war," Physalia aretJmsa (Fig, 409), and the " By the wind sailor," Velella spiralis (Fig, 410), which bel
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