. Manual of operative veterinary surgery. Veterinary surgery. 278 OPERATIONS ON BONES. and cruel methods which have characterized the details of the amputation. We believe that some of these methods may be so modified as to reUeve the operation of its apparent character of cruelty. We refer novr especially to the means vs^hich have been and are employed for the arrest of the hemorrhage which is likely to foUow the section of the blood vessels of the region. The tail has for its bony support a series of the caudal verte- brae—from fifteen to eighteen—varying in number and diminish- ing in size
. Manual of operative veterinary surgery. Veterinary surgery. 278 OPERATIONS ON BONES. and cruel methods which have characterized the details of the amputation. We believe that some of these methods may be so modified as to reUeve the operation of its apparent character of cruelty. We refer novr especially to the means vs^hich have been and are employed for the arrest of the hemorrhage which is likely to foUow the section of the blood vessels of the region. The tail has for its bony support a series of the caudal verte- brae—from fifteen to eighteen—varying in number and diminish- ing in size from the sacrum to the end of the organ, and united by a thick inter-vertebral ligament, and attached to them are the caudal muscles in pairs, three on each side, the superiors or ele- vators, the inferiors or depressors, and the laterals or inclinators. Beside these, there is also the ischio-caudal muscle, which extends from the ischiatic ligament upward and backward to terminate on the sides of the first caudal vertebrae. Between each of the lateral and inferior caudal muscles runs the lateral caudal, and on the median line between the inferior muscles the median caudal ar- tery, all ranning to the end of the taU, and likely, when divided, to cause a more or less troublesome hemorrhage. AU these or- gans are surrounded by the caudal aponeurosis, from the deep surface of which proceed bands which form a special sheath for each muscle, and is ultimately united by its external face to the thick skin which surrounds the region. This skin on the upper and on each lateral face of the tail is covered with long, thick, coarse hair, wMle the inferior face is hairless, smooth and com- paratively FlO. 292.—Tail Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Liautard, Alexandre Franc?ois August
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1800, bookdecade1890, booksubjectveterin, bookyear1892
