Scarab of an Official ca. 1760–1670 Middle Kingdom Administrative changes during Dynasty 12 lead to an increase in bureaucracy and, subsequently, in the production and use of seals. This is reflected in the beginning of the mass production of scarabs, the most popular shape for amulets, in late Dynasty 12 through Dynasty 13 (ca. 1850-1640 ). Thousands of these late Middle Kingdom scarabs bear the names and titles of officials, who would wear them as amulets, but who could also use them to seal documents, containers or doors. However, the scarabs’ primary function remained that of a pr


Scarab of an Official ca. 1760–1670 Middle Kingdom Administrative changes during Dynasty 12 lead to an increase in bureaucracy and, subsequently, in the production and use of seals. This is reflected in the beginning of the mass production of scarabs, the most popular shape for amulets, in late Dynasty 12 through Dynasty 13 (ca. 1850-1640 ). Thousands of these late Middle Kingdom scarabs bear the names and titles of officials, who would wear them as amulets, but who could also use them to seal documents, containers or doors. However, the scarabs’ primary function remained that of a protective amulet. Several inscriptions add a funerary epithet to the owner’s name, indicating that the amulet was manufactured after the owner had passed by a decorative border of interlocking scrolls is an inscription mentioning the name and title of a court official named Scarab of an Official. ca. 1760–1670 Blue glazed steatite. Middle Kingdom. From Egypt, Memphite Region, Lisht North, cemetery south of pyramid below House , Pit 348, MMA excavations, 1920–22. mid Dynasty 13


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