. A text-book of comparative physiology for students and practitioners of comparative (veterinary) medicine. Physiology, Comparative. '598 COMPARATIVE The epiglottis, in so far as it has any effect, in all probability modifies the voice in the direction of quality. Pathological.—Paralysis of the laryngeal muscles, owing to pressure on nerves and conse- quent narrowing of the glottic opening, explains " roaring " in the horse, in certain instances at all events. Comparative.—^Much more is known of the sounds emanat- ing from the lower animals than of the mechanisms by whi
. A text-book of comparative physiology for students and practitioners of comparative (veterinary) medicine. Physiology, Comparative. '598 COMPARATIVE The epiglottis, in so far as it has any effect, in all probability modifies the voice in the direction of quality. Pathological.—Paralysis of the laryngeal muscles, owing to pressure on nerves and conse- quent narrowing of the glottic opening, explains " roaring " in the horse, in certain instances at all events. Comparative.—^Much more is known of the sounds emanat- ing from the lower animals than of the mechanisms by which they are produced. This applies, of course, especially to such sounds as are not pro- duced by external parts of the body, it being very difficult to investigate these experimental- ly or to observe the animal closely enough when produc- ing the various vocal effects naturally. All our domestic mammals have a larynx, not as widely different from that of man as might be supposed from the feeble range of their vocal powers. There are structural differences in the larynx of the domestic animals, some of which are more readily appreciated by the eye than described. The false (superior) vocal bands are rudimentary or want- ing in many mammals, including the horse, ass, etc. In ruminants the larynx is proportionately ill-developed; the glottis is short, the vocal bands rudimentary, and the ven- tricles wanting. The larnyx of the pig is peculiar in that the ventricles are deep, though their opening is only a narrow slit; there is, how- ever, a large membranous sac below the epiglottis, which, acting as a resonator, explains the great intensity of the voice of this animal. The actual behavior of the vocal bands has been studied experimentally in the dog when growling, barking, etc. And, so far as it goes, this animal's mechanism of voice-production Fig 437 —Postero lateral view of the lar- ynx of the horae (Ohauveau). 1, epi- glottis ; 3, arytenoid cartilages ; 3, ttiyroid car
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