. Catalogue of the Batrachia Salientia and Apoda (frogs, toads, and c¿cilians) of southern India. Amphibians. 9 of the frontal arul pan'ctul bones, and articulating anteriorly witli the united nasals («) ; on each side of tho fronto-parietal and intervening het\v(!en it and the squamosal, the pro-otic (jw). The squamosals (sq) articulate with the quadrato-jugals (qj), in front of which are the tooth-hearing maxilke {m) and pramaxilla (p'«). On the inferior surface (pi. I, 2) are the vomers (vo) with the vomerine teeth arranged in two oblique series, the transverse palatines (pi), sjj/ieneth- m
. Catalogue of the Batrachia Salientia and Apoda (frogs, toads, and c¿cilians) of southern India. Amphibians. 9 of the frontal arul pan'ctul bones, and articulating anteriorly witli the united nasals («) ; on each side of tho fronto-parietal and intervening het\v(!en it and the squamosal, the pro-otic (jw). The squamosals (sq) articulate with the quadrato-jugals (qj), in front of which are the tooth-hearing maxilke {m) and pramaxilla (p'«). On the inferior surface (pi. I, 2) are the vomers (vo) with the vomerine teeth arranged in two oblique series, the transverse palatines (pi), sjj/ieneth- moid (e), parasphenoid (psp), and the pterygoids {pt). On the posterior surface are the large exoccipitals {eo), which articulate with the first vertebra or atlas ' by means of two condyles, one on either side of the foramen magnum. The inferior maxillce (pi. I, 3) are made up of several bones and connected together at the symphysis by a symphyseal bone {sy). 2. The vertebral column (pi. I, 4) is made up of eight presacral verte- brae, one sacral vertebra {sv) and a long modified caudal portion called the urostyle (c), which articulates with the convex articular surfaces of the sacral vertebra by two corresponding concave surfaces. All the vertebrae, except the first or atlas, have transverse processes. 3. The pelvic girdle (pi. I, 5) is composed of two long narrow ilia (il), which are connected anteriorly with the sacral vertebrse and posteriorly with the ptibis and ischium (pi), which, in this species, are completely fused together, so that the bottom of the cavity of the acetabulum, which receives the head of the femur, is traversed by a transverse fissure instead of a triradiate fissure, such as is formed in the Eiiropean Jtana esculenta by the junction of the ilium, ischium, and pubis. 4. The posterior extremity (pi. II, 1, 2, 3) is made up of the femur (/), the united tihia and fihula {tf), the tarsus (ca), in which the ealcaneum and astragalus {tiliale and fihulare) ap
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1800, bookdecade1880, booksubjectamphibians, bookyear1
