. Bulletin of the Department of Agriculture. Agriculture; Agriculture. BULLETIN OF THE No. 147 Contribution from the Bureau of Animal Industry, A. D. Melvin, Chief. January 16, THE EFFECT OF THE CATTLE TICK UPON THE MILK PRODUCTION OF DAIRY COWS. By T. E. Woodward and W. F. Turner, Dairy Division, and Cooper Curtice, Zoological Division. INTRODUCTION. The common cattle tick, Margaropus annulatus, infests the cattle throughout the greater part of Florida, Georgia, Alabama, Louisiana, and Arkansas, large portions of Texas, Oklahoma, Mississippi, South and North Carolina, and small ar
. Bulletin of the Department of Agriculture. Agriculture; Agriculture. BULLETIN OF THE No. 147 Contribution from the Bureau of Animal Industry, A. D. Melvin, Chief. January 16, THE EFFECT OF THE CATTLE TICK UPON THE MILK PRODUCTION OF DAIRY COWS. By T. E. Woodward and W. F. Turner, Dairy Division, and Cooper Curtice, Zoological Division. INTRODUCTION. The common cattle tick, Margaropus annulatus, infests the cattle throughout the greater part of Florida, Georgia, Alabama, Louisiana, and Arkansas, large portions of Texas, Oklahoma, Mississippi, South and North Carolina, and small areas in Virginia and Cali- fornia. On account of the enormous losses occasioned by the para- site, it has been necessary to quarantine the area infested, so that cattle outside of this area may be protected. Ever since 1906 tick eradication in the infested area has been actively pushed by Federal and State governments, cooperating with citizens of tick-infested regions, to destroy the pest. WhOe the majority of farmers admit some loss, few are aware of its extent, hence the experiments reported in this bulletin were undertaken to bring out the facts, particularly in relation to the effect of the tick on dairy cows. The cattle tick is an almost exclusive parasite of cattle. While the ticks may mature on horses, mules, and possibly deer and sheep, their control on these animals has proved to be comparatively easy. AH ticks come from eggs laid by the adult female ticks. An engorged female tick dropping from a cow completes oviposition in from five days to a week; the eggs hatch as a rule in about 21 days in ordinary summer weather; the issuing seed ticks crawl upon the grass and await the coming of cattle upon which they crawl when opportunity offers; they then reach maturity in from 21 to 25 days. While maturing each tick abstracts a definite amount of blood from an animal, and to that degree injures it. The quantity of blood abstracted is many times the weight of the ticks when g
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