. Laboratory problems in civic biology. Biology. 52 FUNCTIONS OF LIVING THINGS. 1, pollen grain; 2, at time it falls upon stigma; 3, starting to grow: 4, with a pollen tube; s, sperm cell nucleus. NOTE. — If a sperm cell reaches a large cell (called an egg) located in the ovule, the sperm and the egg unite to form a single cell. The egg cell is then said to be fertilized. This process is known as fertilization. After fertilization the egg will grow into a tiny structure known as an embryo. The ovule then is known as a seed. The embryo within the seed will, under favorable conditions; develop i
. Laboratory problems in civic biology. Biology. 52 FUNCTIONS OF LIVING THINGS. 1, pollen grain; 2, at time it falls upon stigma; 3, starting to grow: 4, with a pollen tube; s, sperm cell nucleus. NOTE. — If a sperm cell reaches a large cell (called an egg) located in the ovule, the sperm and the egg unite to form a single cell. The egg cell is then said to be fertilized. This process is known as fertilization. After fertilization the egg will grow into a tiny structure known as an embryo. The ovule then is known as a seed. The embryo within the seed will, under favorable conditions; develop into a young plant. Conclusion. — 1. What is fertilization and how does it take place ? 2. What results from fertilization of the egg of a flower? 3. Why are the stamens and pistils called essential organs? 4. Why is the process of fertilization nec- essary ? Problem 23: To discover how fruits are formed. a. The Bean Materials. — Pea or bean flowers, bean pods. Diagram, page 55, Civic Biology. Method and Observations. — Examine an unopened pod. Compare it with the pistil of an old flower. Find the ovary or seed case, the style, and the stigma. Open the pod. Notice the little seeds. How are they attached to the pod ? Why are not all the seeds the same size ? (Look up the diagram on fertilization.) Conclusion. — 1. What part of the flower forms the bean fruit? 2. What is one use of a fruit to the plant? Drawing. — Draw an opened pod showing the seeds. Label all the parts. b. The Apple Materials. — Apple blossoms in various stages, or chart. Apples. Diagram, page 56, Civic Biology. Observations.—In an apple blossom how are the sepals placed with reference to the ovary, above or below it ? Note the position and appearance of the receptacle, or base, of the flower. Observe several young apples in different stages of develop-. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appe
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