. Personal identification; methods for the identification of individuals, living or dead. Figure 36. Diagram showing condition of palmar surface of hand and digits inMacacus, an East Indian monkey. The surface is flattened, but the moulding of theancestral relief is indicated by the arrangement of the ridges, which cover the entiresurface. In the fourth digit the pattern is represented in the first stage of degeneracy,which is brought about by the loss of one of the deltas, converting the primitive whorlinto a loop. This is sometimes found in the apical patterns of monkeys, and is givenhere in
. Personal identification; methods for the identification of individuals, living or dead. Figure 36. Diagram showing condition of palmar surface of hand and digits inMacacus, an East Indian monkey. The surface is flattened, but the moulding of theancestral relief is indicated by the arrangement of the ridges, which cover the entiresurface. In the fourth digit the pattern is represented in the first stage of degeneracy,which is brought about by the loss of one of the deltas, converting the primitive whorlinto a loop. This is sometimes found in the apical patterns of monkeys, and is givenhere in one of the digits to show the tendency. (From the Biological Bulletin, bypermission.) I Structure and Development of Friction Ridges 123 upon the flattened palmar and plantar surfaces, not a chance arrangementof ridges running in all directions, but a picture or drawing of the paw surface. Figure 37. Diagram taken directly from the print of the right palm of a youngwhite woman (English and French ancestry, H. H. W. Coll., No. 90), showing rathermore than the average number of the original patterns. The two on the thumb side ofthe palm are absent, although they appear in others figured in this chapter. Aside fromthese, however, the remaining patterns, as seen in the paw of the monkey, or as repre-sented by pads in the paw of the field mouse, can be readily located. In the great ma-jority of human hands the loss of the original characters has proceeded much farther,and the palm is more or less free from definite patterns. (From the Biological Bulletin,by permission.) fourid in their terrestrial ancestors, with every detail of the pads and their sur-rounding folds. The pads are indicated by the patterns; the folds by linesand systems of ridges running at each point in the old direction, with the 124 Personal Identification triradii and deltas as before. The flattening has
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