. Textbook of pastoral and agricultural botany, for the study of the injurious and useful plants of country and farm. ian Thistle (Salsola kali var, tenuifolia).—This chenopodiaceousplant was introduced into the Dakotas and Minnesota in flax seed fromRussia. It is a pernicious weed in grain fields and spreads itself as atumble weed, scattering its seed, as it rolls over the ground blown aboutby the wind (Fig. 100). It can be controlled by sowing only clean seed andin cutting down the weed before it is allowed to seed. It then dies anatural death. Chickweed (Ceraslium arvense).—This is a pestif
. Textbook of pastoral and agricultural botany, for the study of the injurious and useful plants of country and farm. ian Thistle (Salsola kali var, tenuifolia).—This chenopodiaceousplant was introduced into the Dakotas and Minnesota in flax seed fromRussia. It is a pernicious weed in grain fields and spreads itself as atumble weed, scattering its seed, as it rolls over the ground blown aboutby the wind (Fig. 100). It can be controlled by sowing only clean seed andin cutting down the weed before it is allowed to seed. It then dies anatural death. Chickweed (Ceraslium arvense).—This is a pestiferous weed in alfalfafields in eastern Pennsylvania and elsewhere. It is a winter annual withdensely tufted stems, opposite, linear-oblong leaves and white flowerswith bifid petals. It is difficult to eradicate unless a rotation of crops ispractised, the alfalfa, or grass crops invaded by chickweed being alter-nated with hoed, or cultivated crops. WEEDS AND WEED CONTROL 247 Purslane (Foriulaca oleracea).—This is a bad weed in gardens (). The experiments of W. J. Beal show that the seeds retain their. Fig. 102.—Sheep sorrel (Rumex acelosella). A common weed in pastures and mea-dows, from Europe. (Division of Bot., U. S. Dept. of Agriculture.) {Reproduced inPammel, L. H.: Some Wkeds of Iowa, Bull. 70 Experiment Station, Iowa Stale College,1903, P- 348-) vitality in the soil for thirty years. It spreads over the ground withthick, alternate, obovate leaves. The small, black seeds are produced in 248 PASTORAL AND AGRICULTURAL BOTANY small capsules, whose tops fall off as a lid. Hoeing up while in the seedlingstage seems to be the only way of vanquishing this weed. Plants hung upto dry for a month, if returned to the soil, will begin their growth afresh,so that the hoed plants should be placed on the compost heap wherefermentation will destroy the plants and the vitality of the seeds.
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