The earth and its inhabitants The earth and its inhabitants .. earthitsinhabita583recl Year: 1883 478 EUSSIA IN EUEOPE. service, without the option of substitution. Fig. -XlKOLAYEV AND THE BuG LlMAN. Scale 1 : 574,000. war. Before 1874 it was recruited by conscription amongst the peasantry and artisans of the towns, besides volunteers and the sons of soldiers. But according to the new law all able-bodied men twenty-one years old are bound to military The use of the rod is abolished except in the disciplinary corps. The normal period of service is fifteen years, of which six are in the a
The earth and its inhabitants The earth and its inhabitants .. earthitsinhabita583recl Year: 1883 478 EUSSIA IN EUEOPE. service, without the option of substitution. Fig. -XlKOLAYEV AND THE BuG LlMAN. Scale 1 : 574,000. war. Before 1874 it was recruited by conscription amongst the peasantry and artisans of the towns, besides volunteers and the sons of soldiers. But according to the new law all able-bodied men twenty-one years old are bound to military The use of the rod is abolished except in the disciplinary corps. The normal period of service is fifteen years, of which six are in the active army and nine in the reserve. But the population being too great to need all available recruits, about two-thirds of them are at once dismissed to the militia, while the rest, chosen by lot, are retained in the active service only till the cadres are completed, when they receive their congé for an indefinite period. In the reserve they are bound to serve only during war-time, but must present them- selves yearly at the nearest camp for a few days' exercise. Few regiments except those of the Guards are complete, although of the 650,000 yearly recruits about 200,000 are retained for active service. The Don, Ural, Terek, Kuban, and Siberian Cossacks have preserved their special mili- tary organization, each of their 'armies' furnishing a certain number of fully equipped regi- ments always ready to take the field at ten days' notice. In 1877 the European Cossacks in the active service numbered 40,000, which on the first call might be raised to 100,000. In the same year the whole army numbered over 1,000,000, but it varies from 710,000 to 1,200,000 according to circumstances. Till recently the mortality was excessive, but since 1872 has been much reduced by improved sanitary arrangements, and a more vigilant control over the army contractors. In time of peace it now amounts only to 1 per cent., and even in war the proportion has been considerably lessened by more efficient am
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