. Stoichiometry . O 20 40 60 so 100 Molecular percentage of Water Fig. 68. behave in this manner, as shown by Roscoe.^ Boiling points:water, 100°; formic acid, 99*9°; mixture of maximum boiling point,io7T°. Composition of mixture: percentage of acid by weight, 77 ;molecular percentage, Fig. 6g. If, as in the case of ethyl alcohol and water (Fig. 68), the mixtureof constant boiling point distils at very nearly the same temperatureas one of the two pure liquids, it is impossible to separate that com-ponent in a pure state by distillation. In this case the curve is also 1 Tratis. Chem. Soc
. Stoichiometry . O 20 40 60 so 100 Molecular percentage of Water Fig. 68. behave in this manner, as shown by Roscoe.^ Boiling points:water, 100°; formic acid, 99*9°; mixture of maximum boiling point,io7T°. Composition of mixture: percentage of acid by weight, 77 ;molecular percentage, Fig. 6g. If, as in the case of ethyl alcohol and water (Fig. 68), the mixtureof constant boiling point distils at very nearly the same temperatureas one of the two pure liquids, it is impossible to separate that com-ponent in a pure state by distillation. In this case the curve is also 1 Tratis. Chem. Soc, 13, 146 (1S61) ; 15, 270 (1862). 262 5 TOICHIOME TR V exceedingly flat at the lower temperatures, and it is practically im-possible to separate the mixture of minimum boiling point in a purestate even when water is in excess, although it is quite easy toseparate pure water from such a mixture. The apparatus required for carrying out the distillation of a liquidconsists essentially of five parts (Fig. 69): A, the still; B, the still-head ; C, the Liebigs condenser; D, the receiver; E, the ther-mometer. Each of these parts may be modified to meet specialrequirements, such as distillation under reduced pressure, distillationof large quantities of liquid, of very volatile liquids, and s
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