. A practical treatise on medical diagnosis for students and physicians . 51. Powel lays great stress upon the fact that in phthisis the inspira-tory capacity is diminished, while the expiratory power remains normal. Pneumatometry. This consists in measuring theforce in respiration. By means of a Waldenburgspnenmotometer the pressure of the respiratory air oninspiration and expiration is determined. Expiratorypressure is diminished in emphysema, and the degreeof diminution may furnish a clue to the severity of thedisease or to the degree of the improvement. It is tobe remembered that, accordin
. A practical treatise on medical diagnosis for students and physicians . 51. Powel lays great stress upon the fact that in phthisis the inspira-tory capacity is diminished, while the expiratory power remains normal. Pneumatometry. This consists in measuring theforce in respiration. By means of a Waldenburgspnenmotometer the pressure of the respiratory air oninspiration and expiration is determined. Expiratorypressure is diminished in emphysema, and the degreeof diminution may furnish a clue to the severity of thedisease or to the degree of the improvement. It is tobe remembered that, according to Waldenburg, the expi-ratory pressure in health always exceeds the inspiratorypressure by as much as 20 to 30 millimetres. Inspira-tory pressure is lessened in stenosis of the air-passages,in phthisis and in pleural effusions, but is not of diag-nostic significance. Stethography. This is the graphic recording ofthe movements of the chest and diaphragm duringrespiration. Stethography is of service only when itis desired to make a record of the respiratory Waldenburgspnenmotometer. Palpation of the Chest. Palpation in diseases of the lungs and pleura is employed : (1) to con-firm the results obtained by inspection, mensuration, and cyrtometry as tothe size, form, and movements of the chest; (2) to elicit tenderness ; (3)to determine the resistance of the chest-wall and of tumors; (4) to dis-tinguish the vibrations produced by the voice (vocal fremitus), by bron-chial rhonchi (rhonchal fremitus), and by pleural friction (friction-fremitus);and (5) to detect the fluctuation caused by fluid and the succussion dueto the presence of both fluid and air. Method. The surface should be bared, although the fremitus can bedetected through a thin layer of linen or gauze. To estimate the degree ofexpansion and to detect the fremitus in front, it is often well to stand 480 PHYSICAL DIAGNOSIS OF DISEASES OF THE LUNG. behind the patient with the palms of the hands placed over the
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