The manufacture of rubber goods : a practical handbook for the use of manufacturers, chemists, and others . knives, fitted in boxesprovided with grooves, are fixed upon the spindle between thewheels, can be set to any desired width of strip, are kept inposition by means of set-screws and are pressed against tlie sheetby means of a spring, the strength of which can be regulated; thisarrangement results in the sheet being cut through clean. The spreading calenders shown in figs. 28, and 29 are nowgenerally used for impregnating insertions and fabrics with rubber, THE RAW MATERIAL. 57 since by th
The manufacture of rubber goods : a practical handbook for the use of manufacturers, chemists, and others . knives, fitted in boxesprovided with grooves, are fixed upon the spindle between thewheels, can be set to any desired width of strip, are kept inposition by means of set-screws and are pressed against tlie sheetby means of a spring, the strength of which can be regulated; thisarrangement results in the sheet being cut through clean. The spreading calenders shown in figs. 28, and 29 are nowgenerally used for impregnating insertions and fabrics with rubber, THE RAW MATERIAL. 57 since by the use of these a considerable saving of benzine as wellas of time is effected as compared with the spreading already mentioned, where the plant is a large one it is better touse a machine exclusively for frictioning. The use of threq rollsis nowadays substituted for the American method, in which tworolls only were employed, and which may easily lead to the clothgetting torn. The uppermost and lowest rolls are driven slowly atequal speeds, while the middle roll makes the ordinary four revolu-. r Fig. 29. tions per minute. The material on which the rubber is to bespread passes, like the running-cloth mentioned above, between thesecond and third rolls, when it is wound up. The process consistsessentially in feeding the rubber into the calenders between the topand second rolls, allowing it to run round the much hotter middleroll in a very thin sheet, the thickness of which is determined bythe substance of the cloth to be coated, and by means of thispressing it into the cloth. The third roll, revolving slowly, rubsthe thin sheet of rubber deep into the meshes of the fabric, andcompletely covers it over, filling up and penetrating all the inter-stices with an even mass of rubber. In carrying out this process, 58 RUBBER MANUFACTURE. care must be taken to have the rubber mixing worked up andwarmed uniformly, so that it may he evenly round the roll, andnot in too soft or stic
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