. The challenges of human cloning for public policy in Illinois. Human cloning; Human cloning; Human cloning; Public Policy. Section 1 The science of cloning What is cloning? The procedure that created the clone called Dolly is somatic cell nuclear transfer (SNT), which allows duplication of adult cells and organisms. Mammals contain two different types of cells, somatic cells and reproductive or "germ" cells (sperm cells in males and eggs in females). Somatic cells are those that comprise the organism with the excep- tion of the germ cells. In contrast to somatic cells, which contai
. The challenges of human cloning for public policy in Illinois. Human cloning; Human cloning; Human cloning; Public Policy. Section 1 The science of cloning What is cloning? The procedure that created the clone called Dolly is somatic cell nuclear transfer (SNT), which allows duplication of adult cells and organisms. Mammals contain two different types of cells, somatic cells and reproductive or "germ" cells (sperm cells in males and eggs in females). Somatic cells are those that comprise the organism with the excep- tion of the germ cells. In contrast to somatic cells, which contain two copies (diploid) of each chromosome (initially derived one from the father and one from the mother as a consequence of fertiliza- tion) , germ cells contain only one chromosomal copy (haploid). Fertiliza- tion, which unites two haploid cells from different organisms, ensures the ongoing genetic diversity of the species. A fertilized egg divides repeatedly into a ball of identical cells, which then further divide and begin to differentiate into the muscle, bone, and other types of cells in a complete organism. Somatic cell nuclear transfer is a method of making a new organism without the genetic mixing involved in fertilization. In SNT, in contrast to sexual union, an already diploid cell supplies the major portion of the genetic material. A diploid nucleus is obtained from almost any type of adult somatic cell and is transferred into an egg that has had its nucleus removed. The "new egg cell" will have a complete set of chromosomes containing the genetic information found in the adult cell. The resulting cell is then encouraged to divide and becomes an embryo. Eventually, the embryo be- comes a ball of identical stem cells,2 which have great therapeutic possibili- ties and are discussed below. The embryo could also be implanted into the itSpsgl. uterus of a prospective mother and allowed to grow into an individual that would be a clone of the donor of the somati
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