. Elementary biology; an introduction to the science of life. Biology. 220 ELEMENTARY BIOLOGY. Fig. 84. Reflex arc Stimulation of the re- ceiving end a of an liferent nerve A leads to a discharge of energy to all parts of the neuron, including the fine terminals, or den- drites,d. The discharge passes over to con- nected nerves, as the efferent nerve E, by way of the interlacing Aqx\- Ax\X&h,ox synapse,!. The discharge in E leads to the stimulation of the organ with which it is connected, as a muscle M. The disturbance passes from a to the spinal cord, where it is reflected by one of the s
. Elementary biology; an introduction to the science of life. Biology. 220 ELEMENTARY BIOLOGY. Fig. 84. Reflex arc Stimulation of the re- ceiving end a of an liferent nerve A leads to a discharge of energy to all parts of the neuron, including the fine terminals, or den- drites,d. The discharge passes over to con- nected nerves, as the efferent nerve E, by way of the interlacing Aqx\- Ax\X&h,ox synapse,!. The discharge in E leads to the stimulation of the organ with which it is connected, as a muscle M. The disturbance passes from a to the spinal cord, where it is reflected by one of the side branches, or collat- erals, c, of A, through the synapse s into E, leading to a movement by the contraction of M gland cell as a unit of a gland. It always acts as a unit (see 7 in Fig. 4). The cell bodies are found chiefly in the cortex, or rind, of the brain, in the core of the spinal cord, and in special groups (called ganglia) in various parts of the body. Occasionally single cells are also found. The processes are of two kinds : 1. The long, slender fiber extending, with other fibers, through the nerves, is called the axon. 2. Shorter processes, of which there may be several, usually branching irregularly, "like the branches of a tree," are called dendrites (from a Greek word meaning "tree"). In some neurons a stimula- tion, or disturbance, is received by the delicate branching ends of the axon and transmitted to the cell body. In other neu- rons the disturbance is received by the delicate endings of the dendrites and transmitted to the cell body and on through the axon. The axon may be very short, as in the neurons of parts of. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Gruenberg, Benjamin C. (Benjamin Charles), 1875-1965. Boston New York [etc. ] Ginn and company
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