Lateral curvature of the spine and round shoulders . in the antero-posterior term horizontal plane is self-explanatory. PHYSIOLOGICAL CURVES (ANTERO-POSTERIOR) The physiological curves, so called, are antero-posterior curvesand are important. They are three in number. The dorsal (backward) curve is the first to become evident, andwas found present in 86 per cent, of normal children under one yearold when lying on the face and in 99 per cent, of children over oneyear old. In children under six months this backward convexity 22 ANATOMY OF VERTEBRAL COLUMN AND THORAX included the lumbar
Lateral curvature of the spine and round shoulders . in the antero-posterior term horizontal plane is self-explanatory. PHYSIOLOGICAL CURVES (ANTERO-POSTERIOR) The physiological curves, so called, are antero-posterior curvesand are important. They are three in number. The dorsal (backward) curve is the first to become evident, andwas found present in 86 per cent, of normal children under one yearold when lying on the face and in 99 per cent, of children over oneyear old. In children under six months this backward convexity 22 ANATOMY OF VERTEBRAL COLUMN AND THORAX included the lumbar region, but after this age it did not as a rule,^the lumbar curve then occurring at the expense of the dorsal lumbar (forward) curve in lying showed frequently after theage of one year and in a very large majority of cases after the ageof three years. The lumbar curve when it formed took the placeof part of the original backward dorsal curve and was more marked Epiphyseal plate or disc Mammillary tubercleTransverse processSpinous process. Epiphyseal plate or disc Fig. 14.—^Lumbar Vertebra at the Eighteenth Year with Secondary Centers.— {Morriss Anatomy.) in standing than in lying. In standing it was present after the ageof two years in a very large majority of cases, the exceptions beingusually in children under three who had not walked. The lumbarcurve in childhood is obliterated in the sitting position, only four chil-dren of those examined between the ages of nine and thirteen showingsuch a curve in the sitting position.
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