. The Conservation Atlas of Tropical Forests: the Americas. Forest Wildlife and Its Exploitation by Humans INDIANS COLONISTS Cehiis apella Black-capped capuchin ScUiriJs Squirrels pecari White-lipped peccar>' Dasypus iwvemcinctu.'i Long-nosed armadillo Tciyassit tajactt Collared peccary. AlpuaiUi spp. Howler monkeys Aretes spp. Spider monkeys Tamandua spp. Lesser anteaters Bradypus Iridactyla Maned sloth Tapinis tcrrestiis Brazilian tapir Figure The importance of mammals to contemporary Indian and colonist hunters. Only those species that were found in at least five Indian stud
. The Conservation Atlas of Tropical Forests: the Americas. Forest Wildlife and Its Exploitation by Humans INDIANS COLONISTS Cehiis apella Black-capped capuchin ScUiriJs Squirrels pecari White-lipped peccar>' Dasypus iwvemcinctu.'i Long-nosed armadillo Tciyassit tajactt Collared peccary. AlpuaiUi spp. Howler monkeys Aretes spp. Spider monkeys Tamandua spp. Lesser anteaters Bradypus Iridactyla Maned sloth Tapinis tcrrestiis Brazilian tapir Figure The importance of mammals to contemporary Indian and colonist hunters. Only those species that were found in at least five Indian studies and three colonist studies are included. Bars denote the number of individuals of that taxon killed per hunter per year. To give an idea of scale, there were approximately individual Cebus apella killed annually by each Indian hunter and approximately Tapirus terrestris. Data from Redford and Robinson (1987). Source. Redfordi 1992) vidual mammals killed each year. This figure indicates the extent of subsistence hunting. Adding birds and reptiles, the number of game animals killed each year in Amazonian Brazil probably reaches 19 million individual animals. In addition to this subsistence hunting, there has been exten- sive commercial exploitation of wildlife in Neotropical forests. Trade in wildlife did not assume major proportions until the Europeans arrived and, as early as the 17th century, began the commercial harvesting of manatees Trichechus spp. Giant river turtles Podocnemis expansa and their eggs were extensively exploited for commercial purposes. In the Amazon basin, the eggs of this turtle were so abundant that an industry developed to process them. Oil from the eggs was used for cooking and lighting and by the 18th century a royal decree controlled the lucrative harvest in Brazil (Smith, 1974). Although no longer available on the scale once observed, game is still readily obtained in many local markets. Castro et al. (1975-1976) reported the meat of 24
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