. Mexico, a history of its progress and development in one hundred years. ctions,emerged in the Congress, theBourbonistas, or Centralists,and the Federalists. The leadersof the former were Negrete,Bravo, Bustamante and Mier yTeran; of the latter, Victoriaand Guerrero, whose adherents were more numerous, and they were successfulin framing the Republican Constitution that was proclaimed on October 4, declared the Roman Catholic religion to be perpetually the religion of theMexican people. The Republic thus established consisted of the States ofChiapas, Chihuahua, Coahuila and Texas, Duran


. Mexico, a history of its progress and development in one hundred years. ctions,emerged in the Congress, theBourbonistas, or Centralists,and the Federalists. The leadersof the former were Negrete,Bravo, Bustamante and Mier yTeran; of the latter, Victoriaand Guerrero, whose adherents were more numerous, and they were successfulin framing the Republican Constitution that was proclaimed on October 4, declared the Roman Catholic religion to be perpetually the religion of theMexican people. The Republic thus established consisted of the States ofChiapas, Chihuahua, Coahuila and Texas, Durango, Guanajuato, Mexico,Michoacan, Nuevo Leon, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, San Luis Potost, Sonoraand Sinaloa, Tabasco, Tamaulipas, Vera Cruz, Jalisco, Yucatan and Zacatecasand the territories of Upper and Lower California, Colima, Santa Fe andTlascala—nineteen states and five territories. On the 10th of October the firstpresident, Nicolas Bravo, took the oath of office. Congress was dissolved onDecember 24th and the first Constitutional Congress convened on January 1,. BENITO JUAREZ. 86 MEXICO 1825. In the same year, the last position held by the Spaniards, Fort San Juande Ulua, was evacuated and the republic was recognized by the United Statesand Great Britain. During this administration the question of secret societies became urgentin consequence of the influence of the freemasons in political matters. Theinsurgent force was led by Vice-president Bravo who was of the Scottish lodgefaction, but Guerrero defeated him and took him prisoner. The election in 1828 resulted in favor of General Manuel Gomez Pedraza,who was supported by the Scottish (Escoseses) masons, who defeated VicenteGuerrero, whose candidacy was espoused by the Yorkinos; but a pronunciamientowas made by the liberals in favor of Guerrero, who resorted to arms under theleadership of Santa Anna. The government forces defeated him, when he wasgiven command of the army at whose hands he had suffered defeat. Pedraza,


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Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookdecade1910, bookpublisheretcetc, bookyear191