Agricultural news . at there were exportedduring the same year 1,224 packages of the well-knownISermuda lily bulbs, valued at ,£1,305. The International Institute ol Agriculture has laid downa definite system for forming its estimates of crop fixed basis (100) was a definitimi formulated by theGeneral .\ssenibly of that Institute during the of1911. The number. 100, which is the basis of the system, isdefined as representing a condition which, apart from anysubsequent extraordinary ocfiurrencte, forecasts a yield for eachunit of area equivalent to the last ten years. Ever
Agricultural news . at there were exportedduring the same year 1,224 packages of the well-knownISermuda lily bulbs, valued at ,£1,305. The International Institute ol Agriculture has laid downa definite system for forming its estimates of crop fixed basis (100) was a definitimi formulated by theGeneral .\ssenibly of that Institute during the of1911. The number. 100, which is the basis of the system, isdefined as representing a condition which, apart from anysubsequent extraordinary ocfiurrencte, forecasts a yield for eachunit of area equivalent to the last ten years. Every possiblecrop condition is slated in percentage-, of this fundaioPntalbasis. For example, if the average yield of a given cereal is20 bushels, and the forecast is a yield of 21 bushels per acre,that will be represented by 105. Rut a forecast of 19 willbe represented by 95» (Docnmentary /.eofle/s oi the Interna*tioDal Institute ot Agriculture, Rome, August 15, 1918.) Vol. XVII. No. 432. THE AGRICULTURAL NEWS. THE JERUSALEM ARTICHOKE, A NEG-LECTED SOURCE OF FOOD. Under the above title, Professor T. D. A. Cockerell, ofthe University of Colorado, contributed an article to theScientific Monthly, March 1918, to which we are indebted formuch of the following. The sun-flowers, genus Helianthus, are native only tothe Western Hemisphere. About seventy valid species arerecognized by botanists as occurring in America, north ofMexico, and between twenty and thirty species are foundsouth of that line as far as Peru. The species of Helianthus in the north-eastern UnitedStates and the adjacent parts of Canada develop edibletubers, so that there is a group of sun-flowers which possessno permanent aerial stems, but are reproduced annually bothby seeds and by underground stems. Plants like these areordinarily classed as perennials; they are, however, onlyperennial in the same sense as the potato is. Among theseperennial sun-flowers is the Jerusalem artichoke {Helianthustitberosiis). As i
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