. Breviora. 20 BREVIORA No. 495. Figure 13. A. punctatus (MCZ 155994). Left: The skull in profile. Right: The parietal bone to show absence of the parietal knob. to the interparietal are genuinely synapomorphic, and the tigrinus group is a genuinely monophyletic unit that includes the two widely disjunct Brazilian species. In the second hypothesis, which I favor on general grounds rather than the specifics of this case, the larger scales lateral to the interparietal are remnants of prim- itively present parietal scales in this area. Then, the tigrinus group may not be monophyletic, but merely
. Breviora. 20 BREVIORA No. 495. Figure 13. A. punctatus (MCZ 155994). Left: The skull in profile. Right: The parietal bone to show absence of the parietal knob. to the interparietal are genuinely synapomorphic, and the tigrinus group is a genuinely monophyletic unit that includes the two widely disjunct Brazilian species. In the second hypothesis, which I favor on general grounds rather than the specifics of this case, the larger scales lateral to the interparietal are remnants of prim- itively present parietal scales in this area. Then, the tigrinus group may not be monophyletic, but merely an assemblage of possibly only remotely related species that happen to remain plesiomor- phic in the size of the scales lateral to the interparietal. The Co- lombian set of species might be genuinely a superspecies, but the Brazilian members of the assemblage would be only species that by a combination of ecomorphology and symplesiomorphy have come to resemble their relatively distant relatives on the other side of the continent. The parietal knob seen in tigrinus, solitarius, menta, and now in lamari seems certainly a derived character. Figure 5 shows the bony structure underlying the external parietal knob in A. soli- tarius. Figure 13 shows the complete absence of such a structure in A. punctatus. An approach to the solitarius condition is seen in A. jacare (Fig. 14), and in no other of the South American alpha anoles examined {punctatus, agassizi, chloris, peraccae, gemmosus, ventrimaculatus, aequatorialis, princeps, squamulatus, latifrons, and frenatus). Etheridge in his thesis (1960) discussed the ontogenetic and phylogenetic history of parietal crests in Anolis. He was able to show that in the ontogeny of Anolis carolinensis (well illustrated in his fig. 9) the parietal crests first delimit a distinctly trapezoidal area, then a triangular area, and finally have a Y shape with the. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been dig
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