. Electronic apparatus for biological research. Electronic apparatus and appliances; Biology -- Research. INDUCTANCES AND RESISTANCES Case (3) (heavily loaded) Rs + Rl n^ {R,+ Ri)t Va-b = (K + r) + (Rs + Ri \e "'^ — e (.Rp + r)l These are plotted in Graph 20 for Rs + Rl Light load— Matched load- Heavy load— «2 Rs + Ri R. + R> = 10(i?^ + r) R, + r = 0-\iR+r) as a function of time for various coupling factors. Clearly a real transformer will not transmit a steady potential indefinitely, but it will do so for a short time, if the input is in the form of a pulse. If the loading is
. Electronic apparatus for biological research. Electronic apparatus and appliances; Biology -- Research. INDUCTANCES AND RESISTANCES Case (3) (heavily loaded) Rs + Rl n^ {R,+ Ri)t Va-b = (K + r) + (Rs + Ri \e "'^ — e (.Rp + r)l These are plotted in Graph 20 for Rs + Rl Light load— Matched load- Heavy load— «2 Rs + Ri R. + R> = 10(i?^ + r) R, + r = 0-\iR+r) as a function of time for various coupling factors. Clearly a real transformer will not transmit a steady potential indefinitely, but it will do so for a short time, if the input is in the form of a pulse. If the loading is heavy the output pulse is small but is better sustained. The deficiencies of the output pulse may be described by 'lag', 'sag', and 'undershoot' {Figure ); sag shoot Input Output Figure and undershoot are numerically equal. Summing up, for a transformer to transmit a pulse of a particular duration: (1) If sag and undershoot are to be small, L^, must be large and, if a low output is acceptable, the load can be heavy. (2) If the lag is to be small, k must be as near unity as possible, particularly if low sag has been achieved by heavy loading. Loaded transformer connected to constant-voltage type alternator—signal and power transformer The situation is depicted in Figure , but, as in the case of the pulse transformer, we work in terms of the equivalent circuit (Figure ). Then by inspection, out n. + J'^l) 'in Rl + Rs r^R^+j{\-k^)L^ + 68 n^ J^L^ Rl + Rs n' + J^L^. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Donaldson, Peter Eden Kirwan. New York, Academic Press
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