Examination of the urine; a manual for students and practitioners . utyric acid, diacetic acid), and in the toxemias of pregnancy (probably), especially the cases accompanied by persistent vomiting and those of the pre-eclamptic state and eclampsias. In all these conditions, therefore, there may be a more or less marked increase of ammonia, usually at the expense of the urea—i. e., with a comparatively diminished urea percentage. CREATIN AND CREATININ Creatin and creatinin (C4H9N302 and C4H7N30) arefound in normal urine, creatinin containing one moleculeless of water than creatin. They are bot
Examination of the urine; a manual for students and practitioners . utyric acid, diacetic acid), and in the toxemias of pregnancy (probably), especially the cases accompanied by persistent vomiting and those of the pre-eclamptic state and eclampsias. In all these conditions, therefore, there may be a more or less marked increase of ammonia, usually at the expense of the urea—i. e., with a comparatively diminished urea percentage. CREATIN AND CREATININ Creatin and creatinin (C4H9N302 and C4H7N30) arefound in normal urine, creatinin containing one moleculeless of water than creatin. They are both derived frommuscle-tissue of the body and from meat taken as amount varies according to the waste of muscle andthe meat ingested. Normally, to gm. of creatinin are excreted daily,this amount being probably formed in the kidneys (Ser-kowski). To excrete gm. of creatinin one must eatabout 330 gm. of meat. ALLANTOIN—NUCLEIC ACID 161 The amount of creatinin is increased in fever, aftermuscular exercise, and in diabetes (proteid diet). It is. Fig. 23.—Crystals of creatinin-zinc chlorid (Salkowski). diminished in cachexias, starvation, muscle-atrophy, andin chronic nephritis (Serkowski). ALLANTOIN Allantoin (C4H6N403) is found in the urine of new-born infants and also in adults, but in the latter in meretraces. It is increased by meat diet, by taking tannic acid,and in cases of diabetes insipidus and hysteria. Allantoin is obtained from uric acid by oxidation—e. g.,with potassium permanganate—and is decomposed byheat and hydrochloric acid into allanturic acid and urea: C4H6N403 + H20 = C3H4N203 + CH4N20 Allantoin. Allanturic acid. Urea. NUCLEIC ACID Mcerner found nucleic acid in very small quantities inthe urine. Larger amounts appear in combination with 162 EXAMINATION OF THE URINE albumin as nucleo-albumin. These acids arq interesting physiologically, as they are compounds of phosphoric acid, xanthin bases, and non-nitrogenous substances. They may c
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