. A practical handbook of dyeing and calico-printing. With eleven page-plates, forty-seven specimens of dyed and printed fabrics, and thirty-eight woodcuts . cation with f by meansof a tube fitted with the stopcock /, which on being opened admits steam to d,the excess of which escapes by m. h, condensing apparatus, into which theproducts of the distillation are admitted by means of the tube/, which com-municates with c c. When the furnace for superheating the steam has beenheated to 360°, steam from the boiler at 1800 (= 10 atmospheres, or 150 to the square inch) is admitted into
. A practical handbook of dyeing and calico-printing. With eleven page-plates, forty-seven specimens of dyed and printed fabrics, and thirty-eight woodcuts . cation with f by meansof a tube fitted with the stopcock /, which on being opened admits steam to d,the excess of which escapes by m. h, condensing apparatus, into which theproducts of the distillation are admitted by means of the tube/, which com-municates with c c. When the furnace for superheating the steam has beenheated to 360°, steam from the boiler at 1800 (= 10 atmospheres, or 150 to the square inch) is admitted into the cylinder D, and as soon as thecylinder c c and its contents have acquired that temperature the stopcock k isopened, by means of which superheated steam is admitted, first at a tempera-ture of 2000, increasing gradually to 220°, 230°, and at last to 2400. Thealizarin is volatilised, and carried by the steam in the shape of an orange-yellow coloured gas, which on condensing exhibits a powder of the samecolour. When the operation is finished this powder is collected on a filter,while the condensed steam can be applied for dyeing purposes. Fig. Madder lakes are insoluble combinations of the red colouring matters ofmadder with certain metallic oxides. Some of these are of great beauty, andemployed by artists as oil and water colours, and they may be fixed upon textilefabrics, by the intervention of albumen, in the same lnannei as ultramarine,or they may be applied by being dissolved in a proper vehicle, say acetic ac id,and thus used for calico-printing, because on expelling the solvent by steamiingthe pigment is fixed. The only madder lakes which have obtained extensive application are thoseof alumina, the alizarate and purpurate. They are a more or less deep ro>se,with a slight—yet distinct and very characteristic—bluish hue. It is not easyto obtain really deep red coloured madder lakes in a dry state, owing to tthegreat difficulty of obtaining alumina free from
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1800, bookdecade1870, booksubjectdyesanddyeing, bookye
