. A history of architecture in Italy from the time of Constantine to the dawn of the renaissance. t, that of SS. Andrew and Bjxrtholoniew. and appar-ently another dedicated to S. Stephen, and a fourth to SS. Sergius and Bacchus. — allforming, as at the Vatican, a little town of labyrinthine plan. Gregorovius, Travelsin Itdli/, p. 2(>>. vol. ii. The Lateran j)alace continued to be the residence of the Popes for nearly a thousandyears, or until the abandonment of Kome as the Paj)al city, in \AW. On their returnfrom Avignon in 1;I7>>, the \atican was made the official residence. But t
. A history of architecture in Italy from the time of Constantine to the dawn of the renaissance. t, that of SS. Andrew and Bjxrtholoniew. and appar-ently another dedicated to S. Stephen, and a fourth to SS. Sergius and Bacchus. — allforming, as at the Vatican, a little town of labyrinthine plan. Gregorovius, Travelsin Itdli/, p. 2(>>. vol. ii. The Lateran j)alace continued to be the residence of the Popes for nearly a thousandyears, or until the abandonment of Kome as the Paj)al city, in \AW. On their returnfrom Avignon in 1;I7>>, the \atican was made the official residence. But the church hasalways retained position and rank as tlie first church in Orbis et UrbisOmnium Ecclesiarum Mater et (\ii)ut. — the ehapt«r of the Lateran still taking preced-ence of th;it of St. Peters. It origin;illy dedicated to (hristus ;»r. ])ut wasknown also as the Basilica Constantiniana and as tlie Basilica Anrea (from its abundantgold dicoration). In the sixth century it was dedicated to St. John. Gregorovius, (lescft. <ier SUtdt Rom. iii. lAi\.. Fie-. 18. Basilica of St. Peter. 24 ARCHITECTURE IN ITALY Vatican, in whidi many Popes had been buried in the first and second^^ centuries,^ was probably the largest of the early churches, Vatican coverino an area of soniethin- over 7000 square metres(73,000 sq. ft.). (Fig. 18.) It was a five-aisled church, witha nave 75 feet wide and 285 feet long, separated from the side aislesby two lines of 23 antique monolithic columns of granite and marble,35 feet high, with Corinthian capitals, carrying a horizontal entabla-ture above which rose the nave walls to a hei^jht of more than 100feet, pierced above the aisle roofs with laige round-arched two aisles on either side the nave were separated by arcades ofround arches on ^ The transept, about 55 feet wide and245 feet long, projected boldly beyond the outer aisle walls, and wasentered by single round arches from the nave and
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