. Diseases of cattle, sheep, goats and swine. Veterinary medicine. MILK FISTULA. 569 MILK FiSTULiE. Causation. Any accidental injury to the udder which establishes connection between the galactophorous canals or the galactophorous sinus and the exterior may give rise to milk fistuhe, if the injury occur during lactation. Apart from lactation these wounds may be grave, though if care- fully treated they heal without compHcation. During lactation, on the contrary, the milk escapes permanently from the injured spot, cicatrisation cannot occur, and a fistula forms. Symptoms. The principal sjanptom
. Diseases of cattle, sheep, goats and swine. Veterinary medicine. MILK FISTULA. 569 MILK FiSTULiE. Causation. Any accidental injury to the udder which establishes connection between the galactophorous canals or the galactophorous sinus and the exterior may give rise to milk fistuhe, if the injury occur during lactation. Apart from lactation these wounds may be grave, though if care- fully treated they heal without compHcation. During lactation, on the contrary, the milk escapes permanently from the injured spot, cicatrisation cannot occur, and a fistula forms. Symptoms. The principal sjanptom is the permanent discharge of milk. The fistula may be large or small, according to circumstances. In rare instances it is situated on the udder itself, but it is com- monest on the teat. Milk may escape in mere drops or, on the other hand, in con- siderable quantities. Diagnosis. The diagnosis presents no difficulty. Prognosis. The prognosis is grave so far as the loss of milk is concerned, although the lesion has no effect on the general health. It is particularly serious, however, l)ecause it may cause the interior to become infected, and an acute parenchy- matous mammitis may thus he set up. It must also be borne in mind that old fistulae are much more difficult to obliterate than recent ones. Treatment is much more troublesome than might at first be thought, the great obstacle to repair being the continual secretion and discharge of milk. At first, attempts should be made to re-establish and render permanent the natural method of discharge. This can be effected by inserting an aseptic milk catheter and fixing it in position with a little pitch bandage. The course of the fistula is then cleansed, curetted, and rendered aseptic in some way, as for example by washing with boiled salt solution and dilute hydroxyl. As there is little hope of obliterating the fistula by merely suturing the skin, its course should first be closed by passing one or two deep. Please note that thes
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