. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College. Zoology. ACTlNOI'lEinXiLW iNTERRELA'llONSIIll'S • Liiudcv (Hid Lunu 153 specialized "sonic muscles" in associa- tion with the swinibladder (Skoglund, 1961). The 55 species oi batrachoidiforms are priniariK marine benthic fishes, ex- cept tor two species confined to fresh water. Lophiiformes, comprising the goose- fishes (Lophiidae), anglerfishes (Cera- tioidei), frogfishes (Antennariidae), bat- fishes (Ogcocephalidae; Bradbury, 1980), Tetrabrachiidae, Lophichthyidae, Brach- ionichthyidae, and Chaunacidae, are widespr
. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College. Zoology. ACTlNOI'lEinXiLW iNTERRELA'llONSIIll'S • Liiudcv (Hid Lunu 153 specialized "sonic muscles" in associa- tion with the swinibladder (Skoglund, 1961). The 55 species oi batrachoidiforms are priniariK marine benthic fishes, ex- cept tor two species confined to fresh water. Lophiiformes, comprising the goose- fishes (Lophiidae), anglerfishes (Cera- tioidei), frogfishes (Antennariidae), bat- fishes (Ogcocephalidae; Bradbury, 1980), Tetrabrachiidae, Lophichthyidae, Brach- ionichthyidae, and Chaunacidae, are widespread marine fishes in shallow water as well as deep-sea habitats (Ber- telsen, 1951). In the lophiiforms all pter- \goid bones in the palatopterygoid arch are reduced. However, most of the major specializations of lophiiforms concern the feeding mechanism, which in general is adapted to the taking of large prey at high speeds (Grobecker and Pietsch, 1979). Lophiiforms are thought to be monophy- letic sharing the following synapomor- phies (Pietsch, 1981): 1) Spinous dorsal fin primitively of six spines, the anterior- most three of which are cephalic in po- sition and modified as a luring apparatus; 2) epiotics separated from parietals and meeting on the midline posterior to the supraoccipital; 3) gill opening restricted to a small, elongate, tubelike opening sit- uated innnediately dorsal to, posterior to, or ventral to the pectoral base; 4) eggs spawned in a double, scroll-shaped mu- cous sheath. In the wholly benthic forms, the pectoral girdle is greatly modified in accordance with the development oi clasping, prehensile, and "walking" mechanisms. Many members have fewer than five narrow and elongate radials, of which the ventral most is considerably expanded distally. The Lophiiformes comprises 18 fiimilies with about 255 species, including numerous highly spe- cialized and bizarre forms. In some fam- ilies the males are parasitic on the fe- males, attaching firml
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Keywords: ., bookauthorharvarduniversity, bookcentury1900, booksubjectzoology
