The hydropathic encyclopedia : a system of hydropathy and hygiene in eight parts ..designed as a guide to families and students, and a text-book for physicians . he promontory. 12, Fenestrarotundn; the dark opening above thebones leads into the mastoid cells. tube; the little canal uponthis tube contains the tensor tympanimuscle in its passage to the Vestibule. 15. The three semicir-cular canals, horizontal, perpendicular,and oblique. 16. The ampullar uponthe perpendicular and horizontal ca-nals. 17. Cochlea. 18. A depressionbetween the convexities of the twotubuli w
The hydropathic encyclopedia : a system of hydropathy and hygiene in eight parts ..designed as a guide to families and students, and a text-book for physicians . he promontory. 12, Fenestrarotundn; the dark opening above thebones leads into the mastoid cells. tube; the little canal uponthis tube contains the tensor tympanimuscle in its passage to the Vestibule. 15. The three semicir-cular canals, horizontal, perpendicular,and oblique. 16. The ampullar uponthe perpendicular and horizontal ca-nals. 17. Cochlea. 18. A depressionbetween the convexities of the twotubuli which communicate with thetympanum and vestibule; one ia the scala tympani, terminating at 12; the other theecala vestibuli. The membrana tympani is a thin, semi-transparent membrane, obliquely across the meatus, concave externally and convextoward the tympanum, and composed of an external epidermal, & mid-dle muscular, and an internal mucous coat. The proper bones of the ear (ossicula auditHs), viz., malleus, incus,and stapes, are contained in the tympanum. Tho malleus (hammer-like) consists of a head, neck, and handle called manubrium, which is. DIAGRAM OF THE EAR. 198 A:\AXOMY. connected with tl e mombrana r\ mpani by its whole length. The incuthas an imagined resemblance lo an anvil, from which circumstance itsname is derived; it consists of a flattened body and two processes- itsbody articulates with the head of the malleus. The stapes is shapedlike a stirrup; its head articulates with a process of the incus culledos orbiculare. These bones are connected together and held in theirplaces by various ligaments, and moved upon themselves by four mus-cles, called tenso, tympani, laxator tympani, laxator tympani minorand stapedius. There are ten foramina, or openings, in the tympanum, five largeand five small. The large openings are, meatus auditonus, alreadydescribed; fenestra ovalis, communicating between the tympanum andvestibule ; fenestra rotunda, communicating between
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