Barons submitting their demands to Henry III, Mad parliament of 1258
Illustration by Henry Marriott Paget (1857-1936) from a special edition history of England published in 1903. info from wiki: At the Oxford Parliament on 11 June,[5] led by Simon de Montfort,[6] Henry accepted a new form of government, laid out in the Provisions of Oxford, in which power was placed in the hands of a privy council, a council of fifteen members who were to supervise ministerial appointments, local administration and the custody of royal castles. Parliament, meanwhile, which was to meet three times a year, would monitor the performance of this council. The issue was one which was brought before King Louis IX of France, acting as arbitrator between Henry and the Barons at the Mise of Amiens. Louis made a decision entirely in favour of his fellow King,[10] overturning the agreement made at the Oxford Parliament and absolved Henry's need to allow Parliament to appoint ministers, instead restoring that power to him.[11] This soon resulted in the Second Barons' War, with forces led by Simon de Montfort rebelling against the King. The forces of Montfort and Henry failed to come to terms, resulting in the Battle of Lewes where the Barons were victorious and the Mise of Lewes resulted.[13][14] Prince Edward escaped his captors within a few months,[15] and began to re-conquer England. The forces of Montfort found themselves trapped at Evesham, and in the ensuing battle, he was killed and his forces were routed by Edward's.[16] The Barons continued to resist, but the Dictum of Kenilworth in October 1266 granted pardons, resulting in their surrender.[17] The parliament came to be known as "Mad" as a result of an entry in Liber de Antiquis Legibus which read "Hoc anno fuit illud insane parliamentum apud Oxoniam". However, historians Dr Little and Dr Poole have shown that the word "insane" was overwritten in the original text, and may have originally read "insigne" instead.
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Photo credit: © Historical Images Archive / Alamy / Afripics
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Keywords: 11, 1258, 13th, accepted, aka, barons, century, deal, demands, english, engraving, henry, iii, illustration, image, june, led, mad, oxford, parliament, picture, provisions, reneged, submitting, war
