. Comparative animal physiology. Physiology, Comparative; Physiology, Comparative. Respiration and Metabolism 111 claimed to have a very low () at 4° and a high () at 22° C.^^^ A similar increase in value with rise in temperature, from at 15° C. to at 35° C, prevails in Paramecium ^'* The is not necessarily constant throughout the life cycle of an individu- al and may reflect changes in diet. In those invcrtehrates with rather special- ized and changeable feeding habits, the variations may be striking. The of the shore crab, Carcin
. Comparative animal physiology. Physiology, Comparative; Physiology, Comparative. Respiration and Metabolism 111 claimed to have a very low () at 4° and a high () at 22° C.^^^ A similar increase in value with rise in temperature, from at 15° C. to at 35° C, prevails in Paramecium ^'* The is not necessarily constant throughout the life cycle of an individu- al and may reflect changes in diet. In those invcrtehrates with rather special- ized and changeable feeding habits, the variations may be striking. The of the shore crab, Carcinus maenas, falls from a value of in the early stage of development to a few hours later, to rise again in successive stages of ontogeny--"'" (Fig. 65). The of the frog egg increases during develop- ment from cleavage to gastrulation,-^' -â¢'''â ⢠perhaps indicatmg a change from lipoid to carbohydrate food reserves. The of the silkworm embryo, Bomhyx viori, is initially , drops to at about the eighth day of incuba- tion, and then increases to just before hatching.^""'. I la 23456 78 DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES Fig. 65. Respiratory quotient change during embryonic development of the crab, Carcinus, indicating different food sources at various stages of development. After ;" Despite certain limitations and precautions which must be exercised in interpreting data, the respiratory quotient is of considerable value in identifying metabolic adaptations in organisms. Further critical analyses of the sources of variation in determinations, of "true" and "false" respira- tory quotients, of the fixation and release of COj, should extend our concepts rapidly along the route of the actual metabolic processes involved in gas exchange and energy conversion. CONCLUSION The respiratory mechanisms which have e\'ol\'ed to provide the necessary gas exchange for animals are varied and hi
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