. Military and religious life in the Middle Ages and at the period of the Renaissance. ch they had ceased to merit at the time ofCharles the Bold. The priests attached to each church constituted what wastermed the assembly of the presbytery (presbyterium), or the ecclesiasticalsenate of the bishop of the diocese (senatus ecclesiai episcopi). It was permis-sible for the clerks at an early age to enter the minor degrees of theircalling, such as those of porter, exorcist, reader, and acolyte; but they werenot allowed to assume the higher grades until they had reached a ripe minimum age fo
. Military and religious life in the Middle Ages and at the period of the Renaissance. ch they had ceased to merit at the time ofCharles the Bold. The priests attached to each church constituted what wastermed the assembly of the presbytery (presbyterium), or the ecclesiasticalsenate of the bishop of the diocese (senatus ecclesiai episcopi). It was permis-sible for the clerks at an early age to enter the minor degrees of theircalling, such as those of porter, exorcist, reader, and acolyte; but they werenot allowed to assume the higher grades until they had reached a ripe minimum age for the diaconate was thirty years; for the priest-hood, thirty-five; ordination, from the fourth century upwards, took placefour times a year. We learn from St. Cyprian, who lived in the third LITURGY AND CEREMONIES. 225 century, that from that date it was decreed that this ceremony shouldonly take place in the churches, publicly, at mass. Before choristers were regularly introduced many churches had psalmists,who constituted a distinct minor order. These psalmists were succeeded by. Fig. 186.—Chasuble, Mitre, and Stole of St. Thomas a, Becket, Archbishop of Canterbury (1117—1170); preserved in the Cathedral of Sens.—Cloth and Embroidery of the Twelfth Century. chanting clerks. In the reign of the Emperor Justinian, the metropolitanchurch of Constantinople possessed twenty-six choristers and a hundred andten readers. In the fifteenth canon of the Council of Laodicea we readthat none but the canonical choristers are allowed to sing in the congregation, however, still kept to the custom of joining their voicesto those of the choristers. G G LITURGY AND CEREMONIES. At first there no doubt existed a special dress worn during the hours ofservice, but it is supposed that it was only in its colour, which was white,that this dress differed from that worn by the deacons and the priests ineveryday life. The maniple (manipulum) and the stole (stola), accessories tothe alb,
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