. The Packers' encyclopedia; blue book of the American meat packing and allied industries; a hand-book of modern packing house practice, a statistical manual of the meat and allied industries, and a directory of the meat packing, provision, sausage manufacturing, rendering and affiliated trades . ow any air and foam to settle, as otherwise itmight increase the soap stock in the process. Agitation.—^Agitation is now started on the crude oil, and it is usuallybrought up to a temperature around 85° Fahrenheit. Cocoanut oil re-quires higher temperatures, and individual refiners have their personal
. The Packers' encyclopedia; blue book of the American meat packing and allied industries; a hand-book of modern packing house practice, a statistical manual of the meat and allied industries, and a directory of the meat packing, provision, sausage manufacturing, rendering and affiliated trades . ow any air and foam to settle, as otherwise itmight increase the soap stock in the process. Agitation.—^Agitation is now started on the crude oil, and it is usuallybrought up to a temperature around 85° Fahrenheit. Cocoanut oil re-quires higher temperatures, and individual refiners have their personalpreferences. Agitation is now increased and the required quantity of lye added tothe oil. The oil is closely watched for the break, or grain. This breakor graining of the oil is more or less similar to the coming of butt?erin churning cream. In fact, the entire operating of a refinery is quitesimilar. The time of agitation depends upon the break of the oil. Atthis point the oil is heated up to 105° to 110° F., and sometimes higher—depending entirely upon the type of the refining equipment and the kind ofoil to be refined. This graining can be more easily observed by dipping small samplesfrom the mass frequently, and observing its action and progress. As 208 THE PACKERS ENCYCLOPEDIA. ^ VEGETABLE OIL REFINING 209 the temperature increases the small specks will increase in size and havea tendency to soften or run together and settle out. As the soap stock grains become softer, the speed of the agitator isreduced to avoid breaking them apart. In other words, the aim is tcgather or collect the soap stock into flakes of increased size, and separatethe mass from the refined oil. Refining operations usually require from forty-five minutes up toone hour or more, depending upon the oil used. Cocoanut oils, or similaroils, must be handled rapidly, while imported soya bean oils usually re-quire considerably more time. Egyptian and South Sea Island coldpressed oils also refine slowly
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