. Annual report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution. Smithsonian Institution; Smithsonian Institution. Archives; Discoveries in science. Fig. 12.—Skeleton of the foot (inferior surface). I, Gorilla. II, Negro. Ill, European, r, Calcaneum; av, Anatomical (to show the deviation of the calcaneum i. foot, this lesser process is set very low, l)eing almost u continuation of the inferior surface of the calcaneum. The development of the arch in man had for its first eti'ect the raising of this lesser process and then a reduction of its dimensions, the astragalus resting direc
. Annual report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution. Smithsonian Institution; Smithsonian Institution. Archives; Discoveries in science. Fig. 12.—Skeleton of the foot (inferior surface). I, Gorilla. II, Negro. Ill, European, r, Calcaneum; av, Anatomical (to show the deviation of the calcaneum i. foot, this lesser process is set very low, l)eing almost u continuation of the inferior surface of the calcaneum. The development of the arch in man had for its first eti'ect the raising of this lesser process and then a reduction of its dimensions, the astragalus resting directly on the bod}^ of the calcaneum because of the approach of the latter to the anatomical axis" of the foot. This approach is, in fact, another char- acter that varies with the development of the arch. In the anthropoids the heel is pushed strongly outward; in European man its axis coincides with the anatom- ical axis of the foot, and thus attains the position mentioned above and rep- resented in figure 12. Corresponding with the inverted position of the foot, the axis of the poste- rior surface of the calca- neum is in tree dwellers oblique from above downward and from without inward. As the arch becomes more completely formed, this axis becomes more and more perpendicular to the ground. It is not jet quite vertical in the Aus- tralian, but is so in the European. Men of the inferior races and new-born children have in this respect a position between the gorilla a id the European adult, and in the arrangement of the diti'erent ele- ments of the foot all is so well correlated that this deviation, more marked in anthropoids than in other apes, varies as does the divergence of the head of the astragalus, which is itself controlled b}^ the ^ fn^edom of movement of ^rjffh/m/////////////////////)///PJ////// the first toe, another char- of the foot and lmv_cr leg, showing the ^^^^, ^^ adaptation to arbo- torsion of the heel. I, Gorilla. II, European. 1, Calca-
Size: 1418px × 1761px
Photo credit: © Library Book Collection / Alamy / Afripics
License: Licensed
Model Released: No
Keywords: ., bookauthorsmithsonianinstitutio, bookcentury1800, bookdecade1840
