. Elements of biology, with special reference to their rôle in the lives of animals. Biology; Zoology. MULTICELLULAR ANIMALS 241 ness. The muscles (Fig. 166) of insects are considerably more power- ful than those of vertebrates. They appear to be more gelatinous and are colorless as compared with the vertebrate muscle, but they are capable of great power and speed. We are told that if Man were equipped with muscles equivalent to those of the grasshopper he could jump many times as far as his best records; and that the. B MMIIRI llBiWl IliMii iiipiifi ll'lll-HilliDiiMjl Fig. 167.—Human plain, c
. Elements of biology, with special reference to their rôle in the lives of animals. Biology; Zoology. MULTICELLULAR ANIMALS 241 ness. The muscles (Fig. 166) of insects are considerably more power- ful than those of vertebrates. They appear to be more gelatinous and are colorless as compared with the vertebrate muscle, but they are capable of great power and speed. We are told that if Man were equipped with muscles equivalent to those of the grasshopper he could jump many times as far as his best records; and that the. B MMIIRI llBiWl IliMii iiipiifi ll'lll-HilliDiiMjl Fig. 167.—Human plain, cardiac, and striated muscle cells. Diagrammatic. Com- pare the striated muscle cell with that of the insect muscle in Fig. i66. (Partly after Kiihn: Griindriss der allgemeinen Zoologie, published by Georg Theime, Leipzig, and partly after Shafer: Essentials of Histology, published by Longmans, Green and Company.) wings of certain gnats beat 15,000 times a second. The high state of functional efficiency of muscles in lower forms is understandable, for it is as important for these animals to withdraw from danger or move from place to place as it is for vertebrates. Vertebrate muscle cells are of three sorts, smooth cells forming the muscular elements of the digestive and reproductive systems and the walls of the arteries; cardiac muscle cells, confined to heart muscle; striated or striped muscle cells, forming the large muscles attached to the skeleton. The accompanying figures show the dif-. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Buchanan, James William, 1888-. New York, London, Harper & brothers
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