. China, her history, diplomacy, and commerce, from the earliest times to the present day . s plain thatall silk and iron went by land, until the Parthiancupidity, two centuries later, drove it to the searoute. The Chinese enumerate over fifty kindsof produce imported by them from Ta Tsin. Ptolemy and Arrian (second century) speak ofSina, Thin, the Seres, and the Stone Tower (some such place as Tashkend or Tashkurgan, Stone City or Stone Fort, near Yark-and). Sir Aurel Stein, bringing to bear theevidence of Marinus of Tyre and Maes the Mace-donian, places the Stone Tower at Daraut-Kurgan,
. China, her history, diplomacy, and commerce, from the earliest times to the present day . s plain thatall silk and iron went by land, until the Parthiancupidity, two centuries later, drove it to the searoute. The Chinese enumerate over fifty kindsof produce imported by them from Ta Tsin. Ptolemy and Arrian (second century) speak ofSina, Thin, the Seres, and the Stone Tower (some such place as Tashkend or Tashkurgan, Stone City or Stone Fort, near Yark-and). Sir Aurel Stein, bringing to bear theevidence of Marinus of Tyre and Maes the Mace-donian, places the Stone Tower at Daraut-Kurgan, now a Russian frontier post in the Kara-tegin valley. In the chapter on Early TradeNotions I have already shown how the over-land route from Rangoon and one of the threeBurma roads to China by the Irrawaddy, Mekong,or Salween {via Bhamo, Esmok, Kiang-hung, orthe Kunlon Ferry), was open to the tribute ofAntoninus. The routes followed by the Chinese Buddhistpilgrims are not to be ignored when we attemptto decide what the ancient sea and land traderoutes were. At the beginning of the fifth. 400-550] CHRISTIANITY AND PILGRIMS 68 century of our era the most celebrated monkof all (Fah-hien), starting from modern Si-an Fu,passed through modern Liang-chou (near the ironregion of 200 ), the modern Kan-chou (longthe Ouigour capital), Tun-hwang (still so called),the modern Lob Nor, the modern Harashar,Khotan (still so called), the modern Kugiar,and Tashkurgan ; then from the left bank tothe right of the Indus by a circuitous road it isimpossible to identify, but which was probablythe same route as that followed by Chinese andHindoo merchants at this day, not to mentionour own travellers, sportsmen, and explorers— via Shahidula, the Karakoram Pass, Srinagar,over the Indus to Dir : here again Sir AurelStein has dogged the pilgrims steps with affec-tionate interest. Thence Fah-hien went to modernPeshawur and Kabul, recrossed the Indus atBannu, whence he travelled straight acro
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