. The outline of history : being a plain history of life and mankind. ans, with a great superiority ofguns and equipment, struck-at the Britishround and about Ypres. They came verynear to a break through, but the British heldthem. The war on the Western front settleddown to trench warfare. Neither side hadthe science and equipment needed to solvethe problem of breaking through modernentrenchments and entanglements, and bothsides were now compelled to resort to scien-tific men, inventors, and such-like unmilitarypersons for counsel and help in their diffi-culty. At that time the essential probl
. The outline of history : being a plain history of life and mankind. ans, with a great superiority ofguns and equipment, struck-at the Britishround and about Ypres. They came verynear to a break through, but the British heldthem. The war on the Western front settleddown to trench warfare. Neither side hadthe science and equipment needed to solvethe problem of breaking through modernentrenchments and entanglements, and bothsides were now compelled to resort to scien-tific men, inventors, and such-like unmilitarypersons for counsel and help in their diffi-culty. At that time the essential problemof trench warfare had already been solved ;there existed in England, for instance, themodel of a tank, which would have given theallies a swift and easy victory before 1916 ;but the professional militarj^ mind is bynecessity an inferior and unimaginativemind ; no man of high intellectual qualitywould willingly imprison his gifts in such acalling ; nearly all supremely great soldiershave been either inexperienced fresh-mindedyoung men like Alexander, Napoleon, and. MAKING BIG GUNS : SCENE IN A BRITISHORDNANCE FACTORY The hot gun tube, suspended in centre, is aboutto be dipped into oil for hardening By JosfHi Pennell In and behind lines of trenches millions ofmen toiled, raided, prepared for sanguinaryoffensives. Behind this front the whole life ofthe nation was being turned more and more tothe task of maintaining supplies of munitions. THE CATASTROPHE OF 1914 569 Hoche, politiciansturned soldiers likeJulius Caesar, nomadslike the Hun andMongol captains, oramateurs like Crom-well and Washington;whereas this war afterfifty years of militar-ism was a hopelesslyprofessional war; fromfirst to last it wasimpossible to get itout of the hands ofthe regular generals,and neither the Ger-man nor allied head-quarters was disposedto regard an inventionwith toleration thatwould destroy theirtraditional methods.^The tank was not onlydisagreeably strangeto these militarygentlemen, but it gave
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