Contributions in geographical exploration . arings of suchstudies on many problems of the soil relations of plants, bothof a theoretical and of a practical nature. We shall combinethese two interests in this paper, giving not only such data ascontribute to an understanding of the eruption, but alsodiscussing the restorative reactions of the surviving plants soas to form a basis for the papers on revegetation which areto follow. THE ZONES OF I)A^L\GE. As marked by the extent of injury to vegetation, the countryaffected by the eruption may be divided into several zones ofdamage. In the outermost
Contributions in geographical exploration . arings of suchstudies on many problems of the soil relations of plants, bothof a theoretical and of a practical nature. We shall combinethese two interests in this paper, giving not only such data ascontribute to an understanding of the eruption, but alsodiscussing the restorative reactions of the surviving plants soas to form a basis for the papers on revegetation which areto follow. THE ZONES OF I)A^L\GE. As marked by the extent of injury to vegetation, the countryaffected by the eruption may be divided into several zones ofdamage. In the outermost zone the plants suffered from acidrains, but the ashfall was so light as to do no damage of conse- * Copyright, 1919, by National Geographic Society, Washington. D. C. All rights reserved. 173 174 The Ohio Journal of Science [Vol. XIX, No. 3, MAP OF THE KATMAI DISTRICT UEeEND Contours (solid lines) connect places of equal ash () indicate observed ash fall in feet and lines bound zones of injury to Jan., 1<)1!)1 Effects of the Eruption on Vegetation 175 quence. In the second zone, covering parts of Kodiak andAfognak Islands, the ashfall was so heavy as to do great damageto the smaller plants, but the trees and bushes that protrudedwere comparatively unaffected. The third zone includes thoseareas of shghter injury on the mainland. In the fourth zonethe trees and bushes were killed but the grass has come backwithout permanent injury. In the fifth zone not only were thetrees killed, but the ashfall was so heavy that the herbage aswell was destroyed except where the ground was later the sixth zone every vestige of life was consumed by fire,leaving the country absolutely sterile. The areas covered bythese zones are shown by the map given herewith. (See page174). It will be observed that they are not concentric beltslying one inside the other, but are to a considerable extentindependent, occupying different sectors of the area
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