Diseases of children for nurses . s disease and arisesspontaneously in children over seven years of age it isusually tubercular in character. In empyema the prog-nosis is always grave, but recoveries often follow. Hydrothorax is an exudation into the pleural cavityof a clear, serous fluid. It is not due to an inflammatorycondition of the pleura, but occurs in the course of ageneral dropsic condition of the body. Pneumothorax.—Air in the pleural cavity. Such a condition is caused by a rupture of the lungfrom any cause into the pleural cavity, allowing air togain access from that source, or by a
Diseases of children for nurses . s disease and arisesspontaneously in children over seven years of age it isusually tubercular in character. In empyema the prog-nosis is always grave, but recoveries often follow. Hydrothorax is an exudation into the pleural cavityof a clear, serous fluid. It is not due to an inflammatorycondition of the pleura, but occurs in the course of ageneral dropsic condition of the body. Pneumothorax.—Air in the pleural cavity. Such a condition is caused by a rupture of the lungfrom any cause into the pleural cavity, allowing air togain access from that source, or by a penetrating woundof the side, which forms an avenue of entrance for theexternal air. While the first condition may be one of pneumothorax,inflammation sets in very early and there is an exudationof serum; the condition then becomes pneumohydrothorax. CHAPTER IV DISEASES OF THE RESPIRATORY TRACT (Continued) The Lungs The lungs consist of air-cells at the termination of thesmall bronchi. On cross-section, as in the illustration,. Fig. 25.—Section of lung: a, Cross-section of small bronchus; b, alveolus; c, alveolarwall lined with flat epithelium; d, top wall of alveolus entirely cut across; e, section intoinfundibulum, showing several alveoli opening into it (Leroy). they resemble a bunch of grapes. The alveoli or air-cellshave resilient walls permitting them to expand and tocontract. 6 81 82 DISEASES OE CHILDREN FOR NURSES In the thin walls of the air-cells are minute capillaryvessels which are so arranged that the oxygen from theinspired air contained in the alveoli is readily absorbedby the blood in the capillaries; at the same time the carbondioxid (C02), which is the product of the waste of thebody, is thrown off from the blood into the air-cells andexhaled. This process purifies the blood, changes venous Larynx
Size: 1585px × 1576px
Photo credit: © The Reading Room / Alamy / Afripics
License: Licensed
Model Released: No
Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookdecade1910, bookiddisea, booksubjectchildren
