. Handbook of flower pollination : based upon Hermann Mu?ller's work 'The fertilisation of flowers by insects' . Fertilization of plants. POLEMONIACEAE III bees, can easily find the way to the nectar. After settling on a flower, a visitor clings to the exserted stamens and style. In the first stage of anthesis the anthers are ripe, while in the second the three stigmas project beyond the stamens and their papillose inner surfaces are first touched by insect visitors. It follows that crossing always takes place, while automatic self-pollination appears to be excluded. Kerner states, however, th
. Handbook of flower pollination : based upon Hermann Mu?ller's work 'The fertilisation of flowers by insects' . Fertilization of plants. POLEMONIACEAE III bees, can easily find the way to the nectar. After settling on a flower, a visitor clings to the exserted stamens and style. In the first stage of anthesis the anthers are ripe, while in the second the three stigmas project beyond the stamens and their papillose inner surfaces are first touched by insect visitors. It follows that crossing always takes place, while automatic self-pollination appears to be excluded. Kerner states, however, that later on the flower becomes pendulous and the stigmas are brought into the line of fall of the pollen. While all the flowers are hermaphrodite in the Alps, Hermann Miiller also found some purely female ones in his garden at Lippstadt. Ekstam describes the flowers in Nova Zemlia as dark blue in colour, smelling faintly of honey, and 30-5 mm. in diameter. They are protogynous or protogynous- homogamous, with a large amount of variation in the development of the reproductive Fig. 268, PoUmoniunt caeruUuTn, L. (alter Herm. Miiller). A. Flower in the first (male) stage. A'. Reproductive organs of do. ( X 7). B. Flower in the second (hermaphrodite) stage. B'. Repro- ductive organs of do. ( x 7). 1-5, anthers. —Herm. Miiller (H. M.) in Westphalia, and Buddeberg (Budd.) in Nassau, observed the following.— A. Coleoptera. Tekphoridae: i. Dasytes flavipes F., freq. in the flowers (H. M.). B. Hymenoptera. Apidae: all skg.: 2. Apis mellifica Z. $^ (H. M.); 3. Chelostoma campanularum K. S (Budd.); 4. C. nigricorne Nyl, S (Budd.) ; 5. Coelioxys sp. J (H. M.); 6. Osmia rufa L. j, po-cltg. (Budd.), 27. 6.'73; 7. Megachile sp. $ (H. M.). The following were recorded by the observers, and for the localities stated.— Lindman (Dovrefjeld), a humble-bee. Herm. Miiller (Alps), a beetle, 2 flies, the honey-bee, and 6 humble-bees. Knuth (on garden plants), the honey-bee, freq
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