. Cyclopedia of farm animals. Domestic animals; Animal products. 22 PHYSIOLOGY OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS The lungs of the horse contain about one and one-half cubic feet of air. During repose, between eighty and ninety cubic feet are inhaled per hour ; three and one-half cubic feet of oxygen are absorbed and three cubic feet of carbon dioxid exhaled. The volume of the expired air, however, is greater than that of the inspired because of its expansion by the heat of the lungs. An average inspiration represents about 250 cubic inches or one-tenth of the total lung capacity. The lungs are never entirel
. Cyclopedia of farm animals. Domestic animals; Animal products. 22 PHYSIOLOGY OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS The lungs of the horse contain about one and one-half cubic feet of air. During repose, between eighty and ninety cubic feet are inhaled per hour ; three and one-half cubic feet of oxygen are absorbed and three cubic feet of carbon dioxid exhaled. The volume of the expired air, however, is greater than that of the inspired because of its expansion by the heat of the lungs. An average inspiration represents about 250 cubic inches or one-tenth of the total lung capacity. The lungs are never entirely emptied during expiration. A certain amount, called residual air, always remains. These phenomena are rapidly increased by mus- cular exercise. Training in the horse is based largely on the amount of blood pumped into the lungs by the heart and that going from the lungs back into the heart. If more blood is pumped into the lungs than leaves it in a given time, congestion and breathlessness result and the animal becomes ";. Fig. 25. Lungs of horse, a. Trachea; b, left bronchus: Oi, bronchia, or branch of bronchus: c. left lung: ci. cephalic lobe of left lung; d, right lung; e, medial lobe. In the nose and the facial sinuses,—large cavi- ties within the sides of the face,—the air is warmed, receives moisture and loses dust particles. The absence of these changes explains the unsatisfac- tory results obtained from the use of permanent tubes in the windpipe. In a horse full of spirit a peculiar vibrating or " flopping" noise is some- times made by the nostrils. It is not an unsound- ness. The horse and ox do not breathe through the mouth except when in great distress ; the soft palate is so large and pendulous that it practically closes the opening between the mouth and the throat. The larynx, the organ of voice, is composed of five articulated cartilages surrounded and moved by muscles. In its interior it has a V-shaped pas- sage, called the glotti
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