The encyclopdia britannica; a dictionary of arts, sciences, literature and general information . s exposed, is only protected on the sea side by largerubble and some concrete blocks, forming an apron raised slightlyabove low water. These three breakwaters are provided with aquay sheltered by a raised wall or promenade on the sea side; butas the mound on the harbour side is raised up to, or a little abovelow water, the quay is only accessible for vessels near high , however, is of comparatively little importance, since thesequays, though very useful for access to the end of the breakw
The encyclopdia britannica; a dictionary of arts, sciences, literature and general information . s exposed, is only protected on the sea side by largerubble and some concrete blocks, forming an apron raised slightlyabove low water. These three breakwaters are provided with aquay sheltered by a raised wall or promenade on the sea side; butas the mound on the harbour side is raised up to, or a little abovelow water, the quay is only accessible for vessels near high , however, is of comparatively little importance, since thesequays, though very useful for access to the end of the breakwater infairly calm weather, are inaccessible in exposed situations with arough sea; and quays for the accommodation of vessels are betterprovided well within the sheltered harbour. The outer portions of the main breakwaters at Genoa and atNaples (fig. 6), extending into depths of about 75 ft. and no , have been provided with superstructures, similar intype, but more solid than the superstructure at Marseilles; andthe sorted rubble mounds upon which the superstructures rest are. Super-structuresat low-waterlevel SCALE I,s7d. Fig. 6.—San Vincenzo Breakwater, Naples. protected on the sea slope by stepped courses of concrete blocksfrom a depth of 26 ft. below sea-level, covered over at the top by amasonry apron forming a prolongation of the superstructure. Theouter extension of the main breakwater at Civita Vecchia furnishesan interesting example of a composite form of breakwater, in whichthe rubble mound has been protected, and greatly reduced involume and extent in deep water, by stepped courses of concreteblocks carried up from near the bottom of the mound (fig. 7). The breakwaters in front of Havre, constructed in 1896-1907, forsheltering the altered entrance to the port, were formed of a sortedrubble mound, protected on the sea slope by concrete blocks, andraised a little above low water of spring tides, upon which largeblocks of masonry, built on land, were d
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookdecade1910, booksubjectencyclo, bookyear1910
