. A history of the Jewish people during the Babylonian, Persian, and Greek periods : with maps and chart . truction of thenorthern kingdom to move westward and occupy thefertile Hebrew territory on the east of the Jordan ( 14; xli. 10), so that now they were near neighborsof the Jews. On the south, in possession of Hebron,and occupying many ancient Judean cities, which theyhad seized soon after the destruction of Jerusalem(sect. 22), were the most hated foes of all, the Edom-ites. The author of the Book of Malachi refers totheir expulsion from their own territory by the Ara-bians (Nabat
. A history of the Jewish people during the Babylonian, Persian, and Greek periods : with maps and chart . truction of thenorthern kingdom to move westward and occupy thefertile Hebrew territory on the east of the Jordan ( 14; xli. 10), so that now they were near neighborsof the Jews. On the south, in possession of Hebron,and occupying many ancient Judean cities, which theyhad seized soon after the destruction of Jerusalem(sect. 22), were the most hated foes of all, the Edom-ites. The author of the Book of Malachi refers totheir expulsion from their own territory by the Ara-bians (Nabataeans), who invaded Edom from the south,and to their vain hopes of recovering their desolate land(Mai. i. 2-4). Associated with the Edomites, and everpressing and harassing the feeble Jews, were thesame Arabian tribes which from dim antiquity untilthe present have never failed, when not resisted by astrong local government, to gain a foothold in Pales-tine. Some of them may also have been descendantsof the Arabian colony which Sargon in the eighth cen-tury settled in Samaria (II. sect. 105). The Jews,. EXTENT OF THE PROVINCE OF JUDAH 159 therefore, were obliged, during these depressing years,constantly and against great odds, to contend for theirnative soil against the encroachments, the covertattacks, and the intrigues of crafty, treacherous foes;for while the Persian rule insured the integrity of thedifferent peoples under it, it did not prevent frequentwars among them, especially when the central govern-ment became weak. 148. The territory held by the Jews, and known asthe Persian sub-province of Judah, represented only afraction of the old southern Hebrew kingdom. Itsextent is indicated by the references contained in thethird chapter of Nehemiah, which describes the build-ing of the walls of Jerusalem. At the most, it ex-tended only five miles to the north of the capital the most probable interpretation of verse 7 beadopted, the town of Mizpah (about three and one h
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