. Columbia River fisheries development program. Fisheries Columbia Figure 7 A scow fish wheel near Corbett, Oregon — 1910. To get a true picture of the state of populations of Columbia River origin fish, it is necessary to add the ocean catches to those presented in Figure 4. Results of hatchery contribution studies conducted by the Columbia River Fisheries Development Program of the National Marine Fisheries Service are presented in Figures 37 and 38 in this document. While the catch data are only for hatchery fall chinook and coho for 4 and 2-brood years respectively, the estimated t
. Columbia River fisheries development program. Fisheries Columbia Figure 7 A scow fish wheel near Corbett, Oregon — 1910. To get a true picture of the state of populations of Columbia River origin fish, it is necessary to add the ocean catches to those presented in Figure 4. Results of hatchery contribution studies conducted by the Columbia River Fisheries Development Program of the National Marine Fisheries Service are presented in Figures 37 and 38 in this document. While the catch data are only for hatchery fall chinook and coho for 4 and 2-brood years respectively, the estimated total weight of the catch each year, when added to that in Figure 4, would present an entirely different picture. Total catches of Col- umbia River origin fish would approach those prior to 1940. Recreational fishing on the Columbia River during the same period was limited in scope. A con- siderable number of sportsmen did fish for salmon in the area of Willamette Falls and on the Clackamas River each spring (Figure 8), but their catch was small when compared to the commercial efforts. One of the most notable of these early sportsmen was the famous author, Rudyard Kipling. HABITAT The mainstream Columbia River is over 1200 miles long, stretching from Lake Columbia in Canada to the Pacific Ocean. Including tributaries, the Columbia River Basin drains approximately 259,000 square miles land (Figure 9), 39,500 square miles of which are in southeastern British Columbia. The portion of the Basin consists primarily of portions of the states of Oregon, Washington, and Idaho but also includes portions of the states of Montana, Wyoming, Nevada, and Utah. Before the Basin was settled, salmon and steelhead were in great abundance. Spring and summer chinook salmon as well as sockeye salmon migrated almost 1200 miles upstream to the lower end of Lake Windemere in Canada to spawn, while coho salmon spawned in the Spokane River, 700 miles from the Pacific Ocean. Both spring chinook and
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