. Public-road mileage, revenues, and expenditures in the United States in 1904 . y be required to pay is limited to S15. d Counties in this State make no specific levy, money for road purposes being apportioned by countycommissioners out of the general fund. 20 PUBLIC-ROAD STATISTICS. TAXATION AND SOURCES OF REVENUE. There are five methods usually employed to secure the means neces-sary to build and maintain the public highways: (1) Property andpoll taxes; (2) statute labor; (3) bond issues; (4) State aid; (5) andtoll levied upon travelers. In the earliest days of our nations history all roads
. Public-road mileage, revenues, and expenditures in the United States in 1904 . y be required to pay is limited to S15. d Counties in this State make no specific levy, money for road purposes being apportioned by countycommissioners out of the general fund. 20 PUBLIC-ROAD STATISTICS. TAXATION AND SOURCES OF REVENUE. There are five methods usually employed to secure the means neces-sary to build and maintain the public highways: (1) Property andpoll taxes; (2) statute labor; (3) bond issues; (4) State aid; (5) andtoll levied upon travelers. In the earliest days of our nations history all roads were builtand maintained by statute labor—a custom which appears to be asurvival of the old feudal system of Europe. The work was done the able-bodied citizens between certain ages living along the as late as 1889 no cash or property taxes were levied for roadpurposes in Kentucky, South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi,Louisiana, New Mexico, or Utah, the roads being built and main-tained exclusively by statute labor. By 1904, however, all the States. Fig. 1.—Statute-labor map. In States and Territories shaded with crossed lines, a statute-laboilaw was still in force in 1904. States shaded with single lines had a poll tax payable in labor. had adopted some form of property tax or labor tax payable in of the States provide that all of this tax may be worked out,and others that only a portion may be worked out. In Illinois, Penn-sylvania, and New York, for instance, many of the towns or town-ships have adopted the money system, which provides that all roadtaxes must be paid in cash. It is somewhat surprising to find that the statute-labor tax was stillin operation in 25 States in 1904. (See fig. 1.) In 11 other Statesa poll tax varying from $1 to $5 may be assessed for road purposes,but in all of these States the poll tax may be paid in labor, whichmakes it really a statute-labor tax, so that instead of there being only25 States which still h
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