. Bulletin of the Department of Agriculture. Agriculture. £i V • UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE BULLETIN No. 780 Contribution from the Bureau of Entomology L. O. HOWARD, Chief Washington, D. C. PROFESSIONAL PAPER June 12,1919 NOSEMA-DISEASE By G. F. WHITE, Specialist in Insect Diseases CONTENTS Introduction 1 Name of Disease . 3 Digestive Tract of Aduit Bees .... 4 Cause of Nosema-Disease 7 A Three-Year Study of Nosema Infec- tion in an Apiary 13 Symptoms of Nosema-Disease .... 21 Methods Employed in Experimental Studies 22 Eject of Nosema Infection on the Colony and on the Apiar
. Bulletin of the Department of Agriculture. Agriculture. £i V • UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE BULLETIN No. 780 Contribution from the Bureau of Entomology L. O. HOWARD, Chief Washington, D. C. PROFESSIONAL PAPER June 12,1919 NOSEMA-DISEASE By G. F. WHITE, Specialist in Insect Diseases CONTENTS Introduction 1 Name of Disease . 3 Digestive Tract of Aduit Bees .... 4 Cause of Nosema-Disease 7 A Three-Year Study of Nosema Infec- tion in an Apiary 13 Symptoms of Nosema-Disease .... 21 Methods Employed in Experimental Studies 22 Eject of Nosema Infection on the Colony and on the Apiary 23 Resistance of Nosema apis to Heating . 29 Resistance of Nosema spis to Drying . 31 Resistance of Nosema api3 to Fermenta- tion 33 Page Resistance of Nosema apis to Putrefaction 35 Resistance of Nosema apis to Direct Sunlight 37 Period Nosema apis Remains Virulent . 39 Infectiousness of Brood-Combs from Nosema-Infected Colonies .... 43 Resistance of Nosema apis to Carbolic Acid ...44 Effect of Drugs on Nosema-Disease . 44 Modes of Transmission of Nosema-Dis- ease 46 Diagnosis of Nosema-Disease .... 48 Prognosis in Nosema-Disease .... 53 Summary and Conclusions 56 Literature Cited ......... 58. WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1919. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original United States. Dept. of Agriculture. [Washington, D. C. ?] : The Department : Supt. of Docs. , Govt. Print. Off.
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