. Cyclopedia of American horticulture, comprising suggestions for cultivation of horticultural plants, descriptions of the species of fruits, vegetables, flowers, and ornamental plants sold in the United States and Canada, together with geographical and biographical sketches. Gardening. 968. A vineyard in its first summer. wire fence, as shown in Fig. 969; but the Kniffin system omits the bottom wire. The vineyardists of the Chautauqua Grape belt have developed a mode of pruning and training of Grapes which has many features peculiar to that district. The trellis Is made of two wires, of No. 9
. Cyclopedia of American horticulture, comprising suggestions for cultivation of horticultural plants, descriptions of the species of fruits, vegetables, flowers, and ornamental plants sold in the United States and Canada, together with geographical and biographical sketches. Gardening. 968. A vineyard in its first summer. wire fence, as shown in Fig. 969; but the Kniffin system omits the bottom wire. The vineyardists of the Chautauqua Grape belt have developed a mode of pruning and training of Grapes which has many features peculiar to that district. The trellis Is made of two wires, of No. 9 or No. 10 gauge, and chestnut posts. The posts are from 6 to 8 feet in length, and cost 1 cent per lineal foot at the railroad station. In later years, since experience has shown how important air and sunshine are in ripening the fruit, 8-foot posts are most commonly used. Grape posts should be somewhat heavier than those coninionly used for wire fence —from one-third to one-half larger—and the heaviest should be sorted out for the end posts, for these bear the strain of the wii'e. An experienced farmer need not be told that they should be sharpened with a true lead-pencil taper, excepting the crooked ones, which should be so beveled as to counteract the crook in driving. The usual distance apart for the posts in the row of Grapes is one jiost to every three vines, or, in other words, 27 feet, and for ease in stretching the wire, they should be in as straight a line as possible. The posts are driven, but a hole should first be made by an unusu- ally large crowbar with a bulb near the lower end. After the posts are stuck into the holes, they are most conveniently driven by the operator standing in a wagon which is hauled through the row by a horse. A fair weight of maul is 12 pounds, and it requires a good man to swing one of that size all day. Iron mauls are com- monly used because they are the cheapest, but one with an iron shell filled with wood "brooms " or fr
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