A practical treatise on urinary and renal diseases : including urinary deposits . n of theurine are— 1. The general appearance and colour; clearness or tur- bidity ; presence or absence of deposit, and of extra-neous impurities. 2. Odour. 3. Reaction. 4. Specific gravity. 5. Presence or absence of albumen: if present, an ap- proximative estimate of its quantity. 6. Presence or absence of sugar : if present, an estimate of its quantity. 7. An estimate of the total quantity of urine in twenty- four hours. APPARATUS. 5 If there be a deposit, it is necessary to note— 8. Its aggregation and colour:
A practical treatise on urinary and renal diseases : including urinary deposits . n of theurine are— 1. The general appearance and colour; clearness or tur- bidity ; presence or absence of deposit, and of extra-neous impurities. 2. Odour. 3. Reaction. 4. Specific gravity. 5. Presence or absence of albumen: if present, an ap- proximative estimate of its quantity. 6. Presence or absence of sugar : if present, an estimate of its quantity. 7. An estimate of the total quantity of urine in twenty- four hours. APPARATUS. 5 If there be a deposit, it is necessary to note— 8. Its aggregation and colour: whether it be amorphous or crystalline, light or heavy; the manner of itssubsidence or precipitation. 9. Its solubility or insolubility by heat; solubility in nitric acid, in acetic acid, in liquor potassse; insolu-bility in both acids and By the microscope :—absence or presence of crystals,their appearance and form; of epithelial cells—renal or extra-renal; of blood disks ; pus globules ;spermatozoa ; fibrinous cylinders; confervoid vegeta-tions, & Fig. 1. Apparatus for urine-testing. A. Urine-glass—depth, h\ inches; diameter, \\inch. B. Urinometer. C. Burette, graduated in grains. D. 200 grain Stand of urine-tests. The apparatus required consists of— 1. Three or four urine-glasses. Fig. 1, A, 2. Litmus paper. 3. Urinometer. B. 4. Half-a-dozen test-tubes. u PS Pn INTRODUCTORY. 5. Spirit-lamp. 6. Nitric acid. 7. Acetic acid. 8. Liquor potassse. 9. Liq. Amnion, fort. 10. Drop-tubes and stirring rods. 11. Prepared copper solution. 12. Graduated burette. C.(13. Two-hundred-grain measure. D. 14. Six-ounce graduated 15. Small flask. These may be conveniently arranged together for use on acircular stand of two tiers, as represented at E.* A microscope is, of course, essentially necessary. It shouldbe provided with a first-class i-inch object-glass, and an eye-piece to magnify not less than 240 diameters. III.—EXTRANEOUS MATTERS IN U
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